Polarisation

Question 1

Define electronegativity.

Answer 1

The power of an atom to withdraw or attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond

Question 2

What is the scale called which measures electronegativity from 1-4?

Answer 2

Pauling scale

Question 3

What are the three factors that electronegativity depends on?

Answer 3

1. Nuclear charge
2. Distance between the nucleus and the outer shell
3. The shielding

Question 4

What happens to electronegativity as you move up in the periodic table and why?

Answer 4

It increases

The atoms get smaller and there is less shielding by electrons in the outer shell

Question 5

How does going across a period in the periodic table affect the electronegativity?

Answer 5

It increases

Nuclear charge increases and atoms become smaller

Question 6

What are the most electronegative elements and where are they found?

Answer 6

Fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine

Found in the top right corner of the periodic table

Question 7

When is a molecule non polar (temporary dipoles)?

Answer 7

When the electronegativity is the same in both elements, theres no unequal sharing of electrons
eg. two chlorine atoms

Question 8

When is a molecule polar (permanent dipoles)?

Answer 8

When the two atoms are different and the electrons are shared unevenly
eg. Hydrogen and chlorine

Question 9

What charge does the most electronegative atom in a polar molecule have?

Answer 9

delta negative

Question 10

When will there be a permanent dipole?

Answer 10

If the dipoles don’t cancel out