Functional groups Flashcards
What is a homologous series?
A series of molecules that all have the same functional group and the same general formula
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
What is a haloalkane?
Similar to alkanes except at least one of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with a halogen atom
What are cycloalkanes?
They have a ring of carbon atoms with two hydrogens attached to each carbon atom
What is the general formula of a cycloalkanes?
CnH2n
Are cycloalkanes saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
What is the smallest cycloalkane?
Cyclopropane
What is a branched alkane?
An alkane that doesn’t have all of the carbon atoms in one straight chain
What are the branches on a branched alkane called?
Alkyl groups
What is an alkene?
A hydrocarbon with a double carbon bond
What is the general formula of alkenes?
CnH2n
Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated
What are alcohols?
Organic molecules that have an -OH functional group
If alcohol’s are reacted, what can be formed?
Alkene
What is the general formula of an alcohol?
CnH2n+1OH
What is an aldehyde?
Functional group where one of the end carbons has a double bond to an oxygen atom and a single bond to a hydrogen atom
What is the general formula for an aldehyde?
R-CHO
What does the R mean in an aldehydes general formula?
Alkyl group or Hydrogen atom
What is a ketone?
They contain a C=O bond but it isn’t on one of the end carbons
What is the general formula of a ketone?
R-CO-R’
What do carboxylic acids contain?
Carboxyl functional group
What is the general formula of a carboxylic acid?
R-COOH
What is ‘R’ in a carboxylic acid?
Alkyl group
