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Y12 AS Chemistry > Alkanes&Fuels > Flashcards

Alkanes&Fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

Burning alkanes with plenty of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

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2
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

Burning alkanes without enough oxygen to produce carbon particulates and carbon monoxide, instead of or as well as carbon dioxide

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3
Q

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

A

The molecules bind to the same sites on haemoglobin molecules in red blood cells as oxygen molecules, preventing oxygen being able to be carried around the body

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4
Q

What problems do carbon particulates cause (soot)?

A

Breathing problems

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5
Q

How is nitrogen monoxide formed?

A

When nitrogen and oxygen react together due to the high pressures and temperatures in the engine

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6
Q

What is the equation for the formation of nitrogen monoxide?

A

N2 + O2 —> 2NO

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7
Q

What is formed when hydrocarbons react with nitrogen oxides?

A

ground-level ozone

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8
Q

What are issues with ground-level ozone?

A

Contributes to smog
Irritates people’s eyes
Aggravates breathing problems

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9
Q

What are two equations to show how NO is removed by a catalytic converter?

A

2NO —> N2 + O2

2NO + 2CO —> N2 + 2CO2

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10
Q

What are some examples of catalytic converters?

A

Platinum

Rhodium

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11
Q

When sulphur dioxide dissolves in the moisture in the atmosphere, what is produced?

A

sulphuric acid (acid rain)

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12
Q

What harm does acid rain cause?

A

Destroys trees and vegetation
Corroding buildings/statues
Killing fish in lakes

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13
Q

How is sulfur dioxide removed from power stations?

A

1) powdered calcium carbonate or calcium oxide is mixed with water to make an alkaline slurry
2) Flue gases mix with the alkaline slurry
3) Acidic sulfur dioxide gas react with the calcium compounds to form a harmless salt

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14
Q

What is the equation for the removal of sulfur dioxide from power stations?

A

CaO + SO2 —> CaSO3

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15
Q

What gas does burning fossil fuels produce?

A

Carbon dioxide

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16
Q

What impact do greenhouse gases have on earth? What is this called?

A

They absorb infrared energy but emit some of it back to earth which warms it up
Global warming

17
Q

Give three pollutants produced by vehicle exhausts?

A 
Nitrogen oxides 
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide 
Carbon (soot)
Unburned hydrocarbons

Y12 AS Chemistry (48 decks)

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