Poisoning/Toxicology Flashcards
Ingestion with burning sensation in throat, chest, nausea, dysphagia
Corrosives (toilet bowl cleaner sodium hydroxide), drain cleaner, rust remover
Respiratory distress, gagging, coughing after ingestion
hydrocarbons
How to treat the muscarinic effects (pulmonary) of organophosphate poisoning
Atropine
How to treat the nicotinic effects (neuromuscular) of organophosphate poisoning?
Pralidoxime
How to treat TCA overdose
Activated charcoal followed by alkalinization of urine
What antidepressant renders allergy testing unreliable??
TCAs
Suspected carbon monoxide toxicity. First step?
High flow oxygen. Obtain carboxyhemoglobin levels (O2 sats are unreliable)
Presents in same fashion as CO toxicity, but failure to respond to 100% oxygen. Tx?
Cyanide poisoning. Hydroxocobalamin, or sodium thiosulfate.
What level of elemental iron ingestion is considered toxic?
40mg/kg
Iron ingestion. First step?
serum levels 4 hours post ingestion (>350 is significant), abdominal film to identify pills, deferoxamine if level >500
Which toxicity causes fixed dilated pupils, visual changes, and blindness?
Methanol
What is the cutoff level to treat ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication? How to treat?
Treat with ethanol infusion if >20, hemodialysis if >50
Can also give fomepizole
What toxicity is oil of wintergreen associated with?
Salicylate
Antidote for phenothiazine ingestion
Diphenhydramine
Which acid/base disorder in aspirin toxicity
Mixed respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation) and metabolic acidosis
What is the concern with St. John’s Wort?
It increases elimination of other drugs. Especially think when a girl is on OCP, needs backup
When is echinacea contraindicated?
Patients on immunosuppressants.
When should valerian root not be used?
In combination with alcohol or other sedating drugs.
Isotretinoin and griseofulvin, instructions on how to take
With fatty foods, because they are lipophilic and bioavailability is enhanced
What 3 medications should not be taken with dairy products?
Doxycycline, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin
What is the metabolic derangement caused by furosemide? What are some dose dependent side effects?
Hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Dose dependent ototoxicity and renal toxicity
Kerosene, furniture polish, mineral spirits, and gasoline. What are these examples of and how to treat the asymptomatic patient?
Hydrocarbons. Observe for 6 hours, obtain CXR at 4-6 hours. May dc home if negative and no sx.
At what lead level should chelation therapy be given?
> 45 mcg/dL
