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Pediatrics Board Exam > Growth/Development > Flashcards

Growth/Development Flashcards

1
Q

Birth length increases how much in the first year? When does it double? Triple?

A

It increases by 50% in the first year, doubles by age 4, and triples by age 13

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2
Q

What is a normal upper segment to lower segment ration in a child >10 yo?

A

<1.0

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3
Q

What is the rule of 24s?

A

Growth is 24 cm/year in the first year, 12 in the 2nd year, and 8 in the 3rd year

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4
Q

Midparental height equation?

A

Mom +/- 5 in. plus Dad +/-5 in. divided by 2, then add +/- 4inches on either side

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5
Q

1 inch = how many cm?

A

2.5

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6
Q

Average head circumference in newborn? How much does it grow in the first year?

A

35cm. Grows 1cm/month for 1st 6 months, 1/2cm/month for the remaining 6 months

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7
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle close? Posterior fontanelle?

A

Anterior fontanelle closes at 2 years, posterior at 2 months

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8
Q

What BMI is considered overweight? Obese? Severely obese?

A

85-95%tile is overweight. 95-98%tile is obese. >99%tile is severely obese

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9
Q

Child who is short for age but with normal growth velocity

A

Idiopathic short stature

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10
Q

What ages are the tumbling E test, HOTV and Allen card reliable?

A

3-5 years

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11
Q

Reversal of letters b and d occur normally up until what age?

A

7 years of age

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12
Q

When does moro reflex completely disappear?

A

by 6 months

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13
Q

When does head lag disappear?

A

By 5 months

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14
Q

By what age does an infant bear weight while held standing?

A

By 4 months

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15
Q

When does the ability to transfer objects from one hand to the other develop?

A

By 6 months

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16
Q

When does stranger anxiety develop?

A

Around 9 months

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17
Q

When does the ability to pincer grasp develop?

A

At 12 months

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18
Q

When does the ability to follow 1 step commands with gestures develop? Without gestures? 2 step commands?

A

12 months with gestures and 15 months without gestures; 2 step commands by age 24 months

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19
Q

When can a child drink from a cup independently?

A

15 months

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20
Q

By what age should a child speak 3-6 words besides mama and dada? 10-20 words?

A

3-6 words by 15 months; 10-20 words by 18 months

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21
Q

At what age can a child walk upstairs holding hand? Walk upstairs 1 foot at a time? Walk upstairs alternating feet? Walks up AND down stairs?

A

18 months –> 24 months –>36 months –> 4 year old

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22
Q

At what age can a child draw a person with 6 body parts?

A

5 years old

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23
Q

At what age can a child skip alternating feet?

A

5 years old

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24
Q

At what age can a child tie shoelaces or tie a knot?

A

5 years old

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25
Q

At what age can a child distinguish between right and left?

A

6 years old

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26
Q

At what age can a child throw a ball? At what age can it be thrown overhand?

A

18 months –> 24 months

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27
Q

A child reaches 1/2 of their adult height by what age?

A

2 years

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28
Q

At what age can a child jump with 2 feet? Stand on 1 foot for 1-2 seconds? For 3-4 seconds?

A

2 years –> 3 years –> 4 years

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29
Q

At what age can a child kick a ball?

A

2 years

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30
Q

At what age does the raking grasp develop?

A

6 months

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31
Q

At what age can a child stack 2 blocks? 4 blocks? 6 blocks? 8 blocks?

A

2 blocks at 15 months; 4 blocks at 18 months; 6 blocks at 24 months (2+4=6); 8 blocks at 36 months

32
Q

At what age can a child unbutton their clothes? At what age can the fasten buttons?

A

Unbutton at 3 years, Fastens buttons at 4 years

33
Q

At what age can a child eat neatly with spoon/fork? Spread with a knife? Cut with a knife?

A

Eats neatly at 3 years, Spreads with knife at 5 years, Cuts with knife by 7 years

34
Q

How many words should a child know at age 2?

A

50

35
Q

At what age can an infant follow objects past midline?

A

2 months

36
Q

Turns book 3 pages at a time, builds tower with 3 blocks, speaks 10 words and identifies 1 part of their body. What age?

A

18 months

37
Q

When is a intervention indicated for stuttering?

A

Should disappear by 4 years old, prior to preschool

38
Q

At which sleep stage do parasomnias appear?

A

Stage 3

39
Q

What ages is token economy most effective for behavior?

A

Ages 3-7 years

40
Q

At what age should active measures be taken for a child that sucks thumb?

A

Age 4

41
Q

When does the parachute reflex appear?

A

8-9 months of age

42
Q

Whitish lines running across the teeth, chalky-brownish enamel discoloration, and/or dental pitting.

A

Fluorosis

43
Q

Which medications are indicated in children with ADHD that are overly aggressive, have tics or Tourette disorder?

A

Clonidine/Guanfacine (alpha agonists)

44
Q

Dtap is not indicated in children older than what age?

A

Age 7

45
Q

Anaphylactic reaction to latex is a contraindication to what vaccine?

A

Dtap

46
Q

Management of preemie weighing less than 2 grams with HBsAg + mother

A

Should receive HBIG and Hep B vaccine within 12 hours of delivery. This vaccine does not count toward the primary series.

47
Q

Which subtype of meningococcus occurs in 50% of infants who contract meningitis, and is not included in the vaccine?

A

B subtype

48
Q

When is a measles vaccine indicated in infants 6-12 months old? Measles immunoglobulin?

A

If there was exposure and within 72 hours, vaccine is protective. If infant is traveling to endemic area should get vaccine.
Immune globulin should be given if there was exposure but has been more than 72 hours and less than 6 days.

49
Q

History of severe life-threatening reaction to neomycin or gelatin is a contraindication for what vaccine?

A

MMR

50
Q

What is the rule for PPD and MMR testing?

A

PPD can be placed on same day MMR is given, or 6 weeks after.

51
Q

Which vaccines should not be administered if patient has an egg allergy?

A

Influenza and yellow fever vaccines. Any child with allergic reaction to egg protein should be skin tested.

52
Q

What is the rule for measles vaccine in HIV patients?

A

Can be given if asymptomatic, or if symptomatic but not severely immunocompromised

53
Q

The first dose of rotavirus should not be given after what age. When does the series need to be completed?

A

14 weeks.

Complete series by 8 months

54
Q

Allergic reaction to phenoxyethanol or aluminum hydroxide are contraindications to what vaccine?

A

Hepatitis A

55
Q

What are the suggestions for infant or child traveling to area endemic for Hepatitis A?

A

If less than 12 months, should receive immune globulin.

If older than 1 year, should receive the vaccine

56
Q

At what age does routine BP screening start

A

3 years old

57
Q

A child with a parent who has a cholesterol level greater than ? requires screening labs

A

> 240

58
Q

Cover test: Uncovered eye moves outward to fix on the spot. Dx?

A

Esotropia

59
Q

Cover test: Uncovered eye moves inward to fix on the spot

A

Exotropia

60
Q

At what age does the ability to fixate on objects develop? At what age does color perception develop?

A

Fixation develops at 6 weeks

Color perception at 2 months

61
Q

When does binocular vision with convergence develop

A

3 months

62
Q

In what patients is a PPD of 5-10mm considered positive?

A

Those with close contacts of TB, immunosuppressed, and positive XR findings

63
Q

Which children require rear facing car seat?

A

20lbs

64
Q

What children require a booster seat?

A

Up to 4 foot 9 inches tall

65
Q

Child with dirty wound, last tetanus >5 yrs ago. Tx?

A

Tetanus vaccine

66
Q

Child with dirty wound, and <3 tetanus past immunizations

A

TIG and tetanus vaccine

67
Q

Child with clean wound, last tetanus >10 yrs ago. Tx?

A

Tetanus vaccine

68
Q

What are the contraindications to Dtap?

A

Previous anaphylactic reaction, or encephalopathy within 7 days of vaccine

69
Q

What vaccine is contraindicated in patients on aspirin?

A

Varicella

70
Q

When to give Hep B vaccine in preemie infant with HBsAg negative mothers?

A

Delay 1st vaccine until >=2 kg or 30 days of age

71
Q

At what age does an infant follow a pointed finger?

A

9 months

72
Q

At what age does an infant turn to your voice and imitate speech sounds like “dada”?

A

6 months

73
Q

At what age does a child engage in parallel play?

A

24 months

74
Q

7 yo with incomplete Dtap series. What to give?

A

Give Tdap now, and Td in 6 months.

75
Q

Administration of what 2 vaccines together increases the risk of febrile seizure

A

Inactivated flu and PCV13

Pediatrics Board Exam (23 decks)

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