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Pediatrics Board Exam > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Pendular nystagmus, intermittent head tilt, head bobbing or nodding. Tx?

A

Spasmus nutans, a self-limited condition does not require tx

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2
Q

How do you rule out pseudostrabismus (phoria)?

A

Cover test (Eye with strabismus deviates instead of fixating); Or corneal light reflex should be symmetric

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3
Q

How to manage child that does not use their eyes together

A

Esotropia. Early surgery

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4
Q

Why is detection of strabismus critical at an early age?

A

Results in amblyopia (loss of binocular vision) if not detected by age 6

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5
Q

Painless nodule on eyelid x 4 months. Pathophysiology? Tx?

A

Dx is chalazion. Pathophysiology: chronic inflammation of moebian glands. Referral to ophthalmology for surgical excision if >2 weeks sx or if secondarily infected

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6
Q

Loss of visual acuity, optic discs appear normal

A

Retrobulbar optic neuropathy

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7
Q

Hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa. What syndrome?

A

Usher syndrome

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8
Q

Indications for ROP screening

A

BW < 1500g or GA <32 weeks; or BW 1500-2000g with unstable clinical course

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9
Q

When do you screen for ROP

A

31-34 weeks post-conception or 4-6 weeks after birth, whichever is LATER

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10
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Retinopathy of prematurity. There is a broad thick ridge separating the avascular retina from the vascular retina

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11
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Retinal detachment

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12
Q

Management of infant with ocular enlargement

A

Congenital glaucoma. Urgent referral to ophthalmology.

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13
Q

Most common infectious cause of congenital cataracts

A

Rubella

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14
Q

Fever, pharyngitis, and follicular conjunctivitis is most likely what virus?

A

Adenovirus

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15
Q

Unilateral granulomatous conjunctivitis with ipsilateral swollen preauricular or submandibular lymphadenopathy. Etiology?

A

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome. Caused by Bartonella henselae.

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16
Q

Treatment of infected stye, insect bite, or impetigo

A

Cephalexin, or if MRSA suspected Clindamycin or bactrim

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17
Q

Retinoblastoma gene is on what chromosome

A

Chromosome 13

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18
Q

Slit lamp exam with increased WBCs circulating in the vitreous and increased protein content 2/2 to inflammation

A

Uveitis

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19
Q

Oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis

A

Bechet Syndrome

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20
Q

Peaked or teardrop pupil. What does this indicate?

A

Corneal laceration

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21
Q

360 degree subconjunctival hemorrhage indicates what

A

Posterior rupture of the globe

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22
Q

9 yo boy with foul smelling purulent discharge from right ear over several months despite several courses of antibiotics. Retraction of the TM and squamous debris. Tx?

A

Cholesteatoma. Referral to ENT

23
Q

Sudden onset of bilateral sensorineural deafness. What is the dx? Tx?

A

Viral labyrinthitis. Tx is watchful waiting

24
Q

Most common cause of neonatal hearing loss

A

Bacterial meningitis

25
What does this tympanogram indicate?
Normal volume, normal compliance
26
What does this tympanogram indicate?
Low volume and poorly compliant TM. Indicates impacted cerumen or probe against ear canal
27
What does this tympanogram indicate?
Peak compliance at negative pressure, normal volume. Indicates retracted TM (URI, eustachian tube dysfunction)
28
What does this tympanogram indicate?
Poor compliance, high volume of TM. Indicates TM perforation or tympanostomy tubes
29
Audiogram with abnormal air conduction, normal bone conduction. What is the most common cause of this type of hearing loss?
Conductive hearing loss; MCC is otitis media with effusion
30
What is the normal range for air and bone conduction on an audiogram?
-10 to 20 dB
31
Abnormal bone AND air conduction, within 10 dB of eachother on audiogram. What is the most common cause of this type of hearing loss?
Sensorineural hearing loss. MCC is genetic non-syndromic Connexin 26 defect (autosomal recessive)
32
Abnormal bone AND air conduction, \>10 dB apart
Mixed hearing loss
33
Most common type of hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss
34
Most common acquired infection leading to sensorineural hearing loss
Meningitis
35
What age can behavioral observation audiometry be used in? What can it test?
\<6 mos old, infant watched for behavioral changes in response to clicks in ear, only can exclude profound hearing loss
36
What ages can visual reinforcement audiometry be used in?
6 months to 3 yrs old - observe child to look for sound
37
What ages can conditional play audiometry be used in?
3-4 years old. Headphones instruct child to play tasks.
38
What age can conventional audiometry begin testing for hearing loss?
\>4 years old
39
What health maintenance to think about in children with cochlear implants?
PPSV-23 vaccine should be given, as they are at increased risk for meningitis
40
4 yo child with chronic drainage through a perforated TM. Most likely cause? Best treatment?
Chronic suppuritive otitis media. MCC is pseudomonas- tx with topical ofloxacin.
41
5 yo with tympanostomy tubes with 3 days of bloody otorrhea, nasal congestion. Large erythematous mass in ear canal. Dx?
Tympanostomy tube granuloma
42
Patient with choanal atresia and coloboma. What syndrome and what should you screen for?
CHARGE (Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia of choanae, Retardation of growth, Genitourinary problems, Ear abnormalities) Screen with ECHO, Renal US
43
What is a major complication of ethmoid sinusitis? Frontal sinusitis?
Orbital cellulitis (Ethmoid) and brain abscess (Frontal)
44
Study of choice for chronic recurrent sinusitis
CT sinuses
45
13 yo boy with recurrent progressively worsening epistaxis. Next step?
CT scan to r/o nasopharyngeal angiofibroma or other mass
46
At what times do the ethmoid/maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses develop?
Ethmoid and maxillary at birth, sphenoid 5 years, and frontal in adolescence
47
When does a monospot become positive and how long can it remain positive?
Becomes positive within 2-3 weeks of illness, can stay positive for up to 9 months
48
Child with TE fistula repair presenting with expiratory stridor
Tracheomalacia (Laryngomalacia presents with relief on expiration)
49
Rapid deterioration in a patient several days after diagnosed with croup. Etiology?
Bacterial tracheitis, caused by staph aureus
50
Hearing loss, syncope, prolonged QT. What syndrome?
Jervelle Lange Nielsen
51
Treatment of mastoiditis
Ceftazidime + Vancomycin
52
What diagnosis to consider in patient with 3 yr history of allergic rhinitis coupled with unilateral sinusitis and hyperattenuated mucin on CT scan
Allergic fungal sinusitis
53
Drug of choice for dental infection
Penicillin VK

Pediatrics Board Exam (23 decks)

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