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Pediatrics Board Exam > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which cardiac medication is contraindicated in infants <1 yo?

A

Verapamil; causes cardiac arrest

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2
Q

Tx coarctation of aorta. Lifetime risk of what condition, even after surgical correction?

A

Tx by maintaining PDA with PGE gtt. Risk of HTN lifelong

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3
Q

5 Ts of cyanotic congenital heart disease

A

Transposition, tricuspid atresia, TOF, TAPVR, and Truncus arteriosus

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4
Q

Infant with formula mixed with well water. At risk for what?

A

Methemoglobinemia

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5
Q

Snowman XR

A

TAPVR

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6
Q

Full term baby with cyanosis, pulmonary edema, normal sized heart

A

Think TAPVR

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7
Q

Most common cyanotic condition overall

A

TOF

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8
Q

Most common cyanotic condition in newborns

A

Transposition of the great arteries

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9
Q

Tx tet spell

A

Squat/knee to chest. Phenylephrine, morphine, oxygen, propranolol

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10
Q

1 week old infant with signs of CHF, thready pulses, tachypneic, and EKG with aortic stenosis. Tx?

A

PGE1 (not dobutamine)

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11
Q

Best study to confirm dx of endocarditis

A

Blood culture

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12
Q

Most likely organism in subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Strep viridans

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13
Q

When is dental abx ppx indicated in congenital heart disease?

A
  1. Unrepaired cyanotic heart disease; 2. Repaired with residual defect near prosthetic device 3. Any hardware placement in previous 6 months
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14
Q

MCC myocarditis

A

Coxsackie group B virus

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15
Q

Natural history of myocarditis

A

1/3 die or require transplant, 1/3 have dilated cardiomyopathy, 1/3 recover

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16
Q

Water bottle Xray

A

Pericardial effusion

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17
Q

Most common bacterial cause of pericarditis

A

Staph aureus

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18
Q

Most important study to order when pericarditis or pericardial effusion suspected

A

CXR; confirm with ECHO if stable

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19
Q

Barely palpable peripheral pulses on inspiration

A

Pericarditis

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20
Q

EKG findings in myocarditis

A

ST depression

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21
Q

EKG findings in pericarditis

A

diffuse ST elevation

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22
Q

Child with tachycardia not responding to fluids

A

Think CHF

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23
Q

Hyperoxia test

A

If pO2 150, cardiac UNLIKELY

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24
Q

Tx of TAPVR

A

emergent surgery

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25
Q

Wall to wall heart on CXR

A

Ebsteins anomaly of the tricuspid valve

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26
Q

Systolic ejection click, murmur at RUSB, radiates to neck

A

Aortic stenosis

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27
Q

Most common congenital heart anomaly

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

28
Q

Large VSDs have a risk of developing what if not closed by 1 year of age?

A

Pulmonary HTN

29
Q

How do you treat HTN in coarctation?

A

Propranolol

30
Q

In what 2 circumstances are PACs NOT benign?

A

Children on digoxin, and children less than 1 year old. At risk of progressing to atrial flutter.

31
Q

Stable patient with HR 220. Next step?

A

EKG

32
Q

Unstable patient with HR 220. Next step?

A

Adenosine (or cardioversion if not available)

33
Q

What cardiac medication is contraindicated in WPW?

A

Digoxin

34
Q

Treatment of Vtach

A

amiodarone, cardioversion

35
Q

Treatment of Atrial flutter

A

Amiodarone, sotalol, DC cardioversion

36
Q

Prolonged PR interval, no dropped beats

A

1st degree heart block

37
Q

Progressive prolongation of PR followed by dropped beat

A

2nd degree heart block- Mobitz type 1

38
Q

Prolonged PR with dropped beat

A

2nd degree heart block- Mobitz type 2

39
Q

Unrelated P and QRS waves

A

3rd degree heart block

40
Q

Hypocalcemia abnormality on EKG; Hypercalcemia?

A

Shortened ST; Prolonged ST

41
Q

Shorthand rule for QT

A

For HR 70-100; QT should be less than half of the R-R interval.

42
Q

Preterm baby with respiratory distress at 1 week of age, bounding pulses, widened pulse pressure, and systolic murmur below the clavicles. Tx?

A

PDA –> Tx with indomethacin

43
Q

6 week old with heart failure, harsh holosystolic murmur heard at LLSB

A

VSD

44
Q

Which antibodies associated in neonate with heart block?

A

Anti-Ro and Anti-La

45
Q

What is a contraindication for surgery in VSD?

A

Irreversible pulmonary hypertension

46
Q

Patient with Vtach, symptomatic with poor perfusion but palpable pulses. Initial management?

A

Synchronized cardioversion. If stable, can try adenosine first.

47
Q

Pulseless vtach. Initial management?

A

Defibrillation and CPR

48
Q

Systolic ejection murmur at LUSB, wide fixed split S2

A

TAPVR or ASD

49
Q

Egg-shaped heart with narrow mediastinum on CXR

A

Transposition of the great arteries

50
Q

What screening to do in child on statin?

A

LFTs, can cause myositis also

51
Q

What age are lipid lowering medications prescribed? LDL indications?

A

Over 10 yo; LDL>190 OR LDL>160 + 2 risk factors

52
Q

Appears like coarctation of aorta, but also with fever and elevated ESR

A

Takayasu Arteritis

53
Q

Tx Rheumatic fever

A

Benzathin PCN G; Then lifelong every month, or PCN V daily for ppx

54
Q

Tx digoxin toxicity (heart block, SVT/VT, nausea and vomiting)?

A

Activated charcoal; Atropine for arrythmias; Digoxin immune Fab

55
Q

Tx mild to moderate CHF in myocarditis

A

Digoxin, lasix, captopril

56
Q

Holosystolic or systolic ejection murmur that gets louder when supine. Tx?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Tx Beta blockers, surgery

57
Q

Supravalvular aortic stenosis and coronary osteal stenosis are associated with what syndrome? What gene defect?

A

William’s Syndrome; elastin gene defect (also: cocktail personality)

58
Q

Cyanotic newborn that does not respond to oxygen, with no respiratory distress. What are some of the most likely diagnoses?

A

TGA, pulmonary atresia, Ebstein malformation

59
Q

Cyanotic newborn that does not respond to oxygen, with no respiratory distress. PaO2 is normal to high, although pulse ox readings may not correlate.

A

Methemoglobinemia

60
Q

A late systolic murmur preceded by a click at the apex

A

Mitral valve prolapse

61
Q

A high-pitched early diastolic murmur beginning with the aortic component of the second heart sound

A

Aortic valve prolapse

62
Q

crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur heard best at the left upper sternal border associated with a widely split and fixed S 2

A

Atrial septal defect

63
Q

A holosystolic apical high-pitched blowing murmur radiating to the left axilla and back

A

Mitral regurgitation

64
Q

History of syncope associated with a murmur that varies with positional changes. Also with fever, malaise, and arthralgia. Mass in left atrium. Dx?

A

Myxoma

65
Q

Newborn with grade II/VI systolic murmur heard best at the left upper sternal border, radiating into the posterior lung fields and axillae

A

Peripheral pulmonary stenosis

Pediatrics Board Exam (23 decks)

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