Poisoning eeeek

Question 1

arsenic poisoning

Answer 1

• N/V/D, hypotension, tachycardia, vasomotor collapse, death
• stupor, encephalopathy
• distal axonal nueropahty
• keratosis, malanosis, malignancies, mees lines on the fingernails (can also be seen in thallium poisoning and chemotherapy exposure)

Question 2

Lead poisoning

Answer 2

• metal, soldering, battery manufacturing, smelting
  children: acute encephalopathy, GI, drowsiness, confusion, generalized seizures, intracranial hypertension
  adults: polyneuropathy, bilateral food or wrist drop
• blue lines at gingival margin
• microcytic hyochromic anemia

treatment: supportive, corticosteriods (brain edema), dimercaprol

Question 3

Mercury poisoning

Answer 3

batteries, electronics, hat-making
- personality changes, irritability, insomnia, drowsiness, confusion, stupor
- tremor, proteinuria, glycosuria, hyperhidrosis, and muscle weakness
- visual field defects, sensory disturbances, progressive ataxia, tremor and cognitive impairment

Question 4

organophosphate poisoning

Answer 4

• pesticides, herbicides, flame retardants
• cholinergic toxicity
• salvation, lacrimation, nausea, bronchospasm, headache, weakness, brady, tremor, diarrhea, pulmonary edema, cyanosis, convulsions, coma death

Treatment: pralidoxime (restore acetylchoninesterase), atropine (muscarinic)

Question 5

ionizing radiation

Answer 5

CNS tumor formation, meningiomas and nerve sheath tumors

Question 6

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 6

likely risk factor for leukemia and brain tumor

Question 7

Manganese

Answer 7

miners at risk
- initial changes: behavioral changes, headache, cognitive disturbances
- walking on toes with spine erect and elbows flexed “cock-walk”
parkinsonism and motor symptoms

Question 8

thallium poisoning

Answer 8

causes potassium depletion which causes cardiac abnormalities
alopecia
treatment: IV potassium oral potassium, hemdialysis and diauresis

Question 9

what do you see in pathological examination of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 9

hypoxic and ischemic damage in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellar cortex and basal ganglia. lesions are also present diffusely in the cerebral white matter

Question 10

n-hexane

Answer 10

solvents, rubber industry
- progressive distal sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy
- optic neuropathy, maculopathy, facial numbness