Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 2 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

How does dopamine activity look in patients recovering from cocaine addiction?

A
  • drop in neuronal activity and decreased dopamine activity which can persist for up to a year and half after stopping the drug
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What pathway of dopaminergic neurons is thought be be highly involved in the sense of reward one gets from cocaine use ?

A

the mesolimbic pathway of dopaminergic neurons starting at the ventral tegmental area and projecting to the nucleus accumbens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What part of the brainstem contains high number of adrenergic neurons and mediates the effects of opiates?

A

Locus ceruleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long does PCP, cannabis, cocaine, and heroin stay in urine?

A

PCP-8 days
Cannabis-4 weeks
Cocaine-8 hours
Heroin-72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are depressed reflexes seen in inhalant intoxication

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

signs of inhalant intoxication

A

assaultiveness, impaired judgement, dizziness, slurred speech, ataxia, tremor, blurred vision, stupor , coma
can cause persistent irreversible dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does LSD affect serotonin receptors?

A

Partial agonist at post synaptic serotonin receptors
- alters postsynaptic serotonin binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Physical effects MDMA (methylenedioxyamphetamine)

A

-fever, headache, cyanosis, vomiting (leading to dehydration), SOB, ataxia, tremor
MI, severe hypertension, ischemic colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Physical signs of ketamine

A

nystagmus, hypertension, ataxia, dysarthria, muscle rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is diacetylmorphine

A

heroin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do pupils look like on heroin?

A

Pinpoint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common neurologic manifestation of chronic alcoholism?

A

alcoholic neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does alcoholic dementia differ from Alzheimers?

A

Predominance of fine motor control and verbal deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Marchiafava-bignami

A

rare demyelinating disease affecting corpus callosum in chronic alcoholics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

alcoholic nutritional cerebellar degeneration

A

more in men than women, unsteadiness in walking evolving over weeks to months
- trucal ataxia, with wide based gait and difficulty with tandem walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PCP

A

NMDA receptor antagonist (subtype of the glutamate receptor)
- has calcium channel binding properties and prevents influx of calcium into neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pinpoint pupils are a feature of what?

A

opioid intoxication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most widely abused recreational drug among US high school students?

A

marijuana
- demonstarted to lead to future cocaine abuse in adolescents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cocaine causes what effect on dopamine

A

cocaine causes dop and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition
- increases dopamine in the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways as well as the corpus striatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are sequelae of cocaine use?

A

hallucinations, paranoia, euphoria, increased energy, hypersexuality, and irritability
- with heavy use pts can experience a shower of lights in their central vision, as well as vivual hallucinations of black dots on their skin and in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cocaine overdose treatment

A
  • cold blankets and ice for hyeprtermia
  • IV diazepam for seizures
  • IV phentolamine for malignant hypertension
  • haldol and lorazepam for agitation
22
Q

sniffling glue, benzene, gasoline, paint thinner, lighter fluid, and aerosols

A

slurred speech, ataxia, hallucinations, tachy, ventricular fibrillation, liver damage, permanent brain damage, kidney damage, myocardial damage

23
Q

inhalants

A

neuropathy
- distal motor weakness

24
Q

cocaine

A

lowers seizure threshold
strokes

25
Q

opioid intoxication does what to the pupils

A

pupillary constriction

26
Q

have some studies shown that the efficacy of using carbamazepine in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal to be equal to benzos?

A

yes

27
Q

PCP activates ventral tegmental dopamine what does this result in?

A

the reinforcing qualities of the drug

28
Q

wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

acute neurological disorder characterized by ataxia, confusion, vestibular dysfunction and eye movement impairment
- reversible w/ treatment but if progresses to Korsakoff’s may be irreversible

29
Q

korsakoff’s

A

impaired recent memory and anterograde amnesia

30
Q

ecstacy

A

designer amphetamine that acts through both the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems

31
Q

chronic alcoholism brain changes

A

cerebellar atrophy- truncal ataxia- preferential involvment in vermis

32
Q

Do women have less alcohol dehydrogenase in their gut?

A

yes

33
Q

how does MDMA work

A

blocking the repuptake of serotonin and inducing the massive release of serotonin contents of serotonergic neurons

34
Q

How long should IV thiamine and dextrose be given for alcohol withdrawal symptoms

A

3 days then switch to oral thiamine

35
Q

What drugs can cause nystagmus

A

pcp
inhalants
sedative hypnotics
alcohol

36
Q

what should you avoid in cocaine induced hypertension

A

b- blockers (metroprolol)and combined alpha beta blocks (labetolol)

37
Q

matrix therapy

A

for substance abuse
- relapse prevention groups, education groups, social support groups, indivisual counseling, and urine and breath testing delieverd in a structed mannor over 16 week period

38
Q

methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstacy)

A

hyperthermic syndrome that can progress to disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, liver and kidney failure and death
-not dose related

39
Q

how long after narcotic and the first dose of naltrexone

A

5 days from short acting narcotic and 10 days if long acting narcotic

40
Q

how long after stopping alcohol can you take disulfiram

A

12 hours

41
Q

at what dose is methadone thought to be most effective for opioid relapse prevention

A

at or above 60mg

42
Q

how do you dose disulfiram

A

500mg daily for first 1-2 weeks then lowered to 250mg daily

43
Q

how does buprenorphine work at the mew opiate receptor

A

agonist and antagonist

44
Q

what can abrupt discontinuation of cannabis look like

A

insomnia, irritability, drug craving, restlessness, depressed mood, nervousness anxiety, nause, tremors, muscle twitches, sweating, myalgia, malaise

begins 24 hours after last use
peaks 2-4 days
diminishes after about 2 weeks

45
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A
  • perinatal growth deficiency
  • mental retardation
  • microcephaly
  • wide set eyes
  • flattened philtrum
  • thin upper lip
  • small palpebral fissures
46
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A
  • perinatal growth deficiency
  • mental retardation
  • microcephaly
  • wide set eyes
  • flattened philtrum
  • thin upper lip
  • small palpebral fissures
47
Q

stimulant medical issues

A

cerbrovascular incidents, hemorrhagic stroke, cardiac dysrythmia, pneumonitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, right heart failure, pancreatic hemorrhage, mesenteric ischemia,a and acute renal failure and myoglobinuria

48
Q

skin picking and missing teeth

A

meth

49
Q

how does meth work?

A

cause monoamines to be released from storage vesicles into the cytoplasm
disruption of glutamate and serotonin

50
Q

how does cocaine work

A

block re-uptake of monamine transporters and causes inverse agonism of the dopamine transporter which leads to an increase in dopamine activity
-imbalance in glutamate system

Step 2 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions