Pneumothorax - Tension Pneumothorax

Question 1

Aetiology of Tension Pneumothorax.

Answer 1

Trauma to the chest wall that creates a one-way valve that lets air in but not out of the pleural space.

Question 2

Why is Tension Pneumothorax not self-resolving?

Answer 2

During inspiration, air is drawn into the pleural space but during expiration, air is trapped.

Question 3

Why is Tension Pneumothorax dangerous?

Answer 3

Creates pressure inside thorax - pushes mediastinum across - cardiorespiratory arrest.

Question 4

Signs of Tension Pneumothorax (3).

Answer 4

1. Tracheal Deviation away from Side of Pneumothorax.
2. Tachycardia and Hypotension.
3. Pneumothorax Click.

Question 5

Management of Tension Pneumothorax.

Answer 5

1. Insert a large bore 16G cannula into 2nd intercostal space in the midclavicular line.
2. Do not delay for investigations.
3. Definitive : Chest Drain after Cannula.
4. ABCDE + High-Flow Oxygen (15L/min) via Non-Rebreather Mask.