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OS 213 Respiratory EXAM 1 > Pneumonia and Pulmonary TB > Flashcards

Pneumonia and Pulmonary TB Flashcards

1
Q

Patchy exudativeconsolidation of the lung parenchyma

A

Bronchopneumonia

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2
Q

Stages of pneumonia

A

Congestion
Red Hepatziation
Grey hepatization
Resolution

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3
Q

Gross: lung is heavy, boggy and red
Microscopy: vascular engorgemnt, inta alveolar fluid with a few neutrophils, usually presence of numerous bacteria

A

Congestion

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4
Q

Gross: lung mimics liver consistency because of consolidation
Microscopy: Congested septal capillaries and extensive neutrophilic and RBC exudation

A

Red hepatization

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5
Q

Attempt at repair of damaged lung tissue
Gross: gray brown appearance (doesnt look as reddish as the previous stage)
Microscopy: RBCs disintegrate, fibrinosuppurative exudation persists. Increased deposit of fibrin -> becomes paler . Exudation through pore of khon

A

Grey hepatization

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6
Q

Microscopy: granular semi-fluid debris -> (1) resorbed and ingestd by macrophages (2) expectorated, or more often (3) organized by fibroblasts growing in it

A

Resolution

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7
Q

Common Isolated bacteria in children

A

Hemophilus B.

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8
Q

Common isolated bacteria in adults

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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9
Q

Common isolated bacteria in COPD

A

Streptococcus, Moraxella catarrhalis

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10
Q

Common isolated bacteria in alcoholics

A

Klebsiella

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11
Q

Common isolated bacteria in Elderly

A

Streptococcus, Legionella

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12
Q

Inflammation breaks through the pleural surface and fills the thoracic cavity with pus

A

Empyema thoracis

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13
Q

Clinically used to detrmine whether the fluid is an exudate and not a transudate

A

Light’s Criteria

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14
Q

Light’s criteria

A

Effusion protein/serum protein ration >0.5
Effusion LDH/ serum LDH ration >0.6
Effusion LDH >2/3 of the reference range for LDH

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15
Q

Etiologic agents that can give rise to pulmonary abscess

A

S. aureus, klebsiella, G(-) organisms), anaerobes

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16
Q

Interstitium is widened with mononuclear cells present

A

Interstitial pneumonitis

17
Q

Comon viral agents causing intestitial pneumonia

A

RSV, adenovirus, rhinovirus, Rubella, Varicella, CMV, MEasles

18
Q

Cytopathic effects caused by RSV

A

Formation of multinucleated syncitial cells; sheath form; mask of cells coalesce share the same cell membrane

19
Q

cytopathic effects caused by CMV

A

huge cell with large nucleus, para-nuclear clearing (halo), and abnormal inclusions located intranuclear and intrcytoplasmic, or structural changes. Owl’s eye appearance

20
Q

cytopathic effects of measles

A

multinucleate giant cells with eosinophilic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Warthin finkeldey cells)

21
Q

Bacterial agent that can present as interstitial pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Coxiella burnetti
Mycoplasma tuberculosis

22
Q

Mucor characteristics that differentiate it from Aspergillus

A

Aseptate hyphae
non-acute branching
thick hyphal elements

23
Q

Most common cause of fungal pneumonia

A

Aspergillus

24
Q

cysts with small circles inside

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

25
Q

Broad based after budding compared to candida which has a construction

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

26
Q

Sunny side up na egg; in brain; gelatinous due to capsule; in lungs mass or pneumonia

A

cryptococcus

27
Q

Parenchymal foci/ ghon foci + hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Ghon complex

  • seen in primary TB
  • located at the peribronchial lymph node
28
Q

Seen in healed TB, comprised of ghon lesion: calcified parenchymal tuberculoma and ipsilateral calcified hilar node

A

Ranthke

29
Q

Glod standard for diagnosis of TB

A

culture and isolation

30
Q

Improtant histologic features of a TB granuloma

A

Casseation necrosis, epitheloid histiocytyes and langhan’s giant cell

Focus of chronic inflammation consisting of microscopic aggregate of macrophages that are transformed into epithelium lke cells

OS 213 Respiratory EXAM 1 (19 decks)

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