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OS 213 Respiratory EXAM 1 > Diagnosis of Respiratory diseases > Flashcards

Diagnosis of Respiratory diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Major categories of respiratory system diseases

A
  1. Obstructive
  2. Restrictive
  3. Abnormalities of vasculature
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2
Q

Obstructive lung diseases

A
  1. Asthma
  2. COPD
  3. Bronchiectasis
  4. Bronchiolitis
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3
Q

Cardinal symptoms of respiratory disease

A

dyspnea and cough

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4
Q

Chronic cough

A

> 8 weeks

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5
Q

nonrespiratory causes of cough

A
  1. Gerd

2. Postnasal dri

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6
Q

kind of cough of Diffuse parenchymal lung disease

A

persistent and non productive

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7
Q

Wheezing

A

asthma

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8
Q

T or F, Lung parenchyma is innervated with pain fibers?

A

False

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9
Q

Diseases associated with smoking

A

COPD, bronchogenic lung cancer, diffuse parenchymal lung diseases

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10
Q

kyphoscoliosis

A

restrictive

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11
Q

How to establish diagphragm excursion and lung size

A

percussion

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12
Q

Role of palpation

A

subcutaneous air -> barotrauma

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13
Q

Tactile frenitus finding for consolidation

A

INCREASED

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14
Q

Tactile frenitus finding for pleural effusion

A

DECREASED

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15
Q

Rhonchi

A

Obstruction of medium sized air ways, most often with secretions

viral or bacterial bronchitis

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16
Q

Chronic rhonchi

A

suggests bronchiectasis or COPD

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17
Q

high pitched, focal inspiratory wheeze, usually head over the neck

A

Stridor , manifestation of upper airway obstruction

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18
Q

Crackles or rales

A

commonly sign of alveolar disease

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19
Q

Kind of crackles for pneumonia

A

Focal

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20
Q

pulmonary edema is prominent where?

A

bases

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21
Q

Kind of crackles for IF

A

Like velcro being ripped apart

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22
Q

How to Differentiate crackles of IF and alveolar diseases

A

Egophony - ausculation of “AH” instead of “EEE” when the pt phonates EEE

  • pneumonia
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23
Q

Quiet chest with diffusely decreased breath sounds

A

emphysema

24
Q

Area of absent breath sound

A

pneumothorax

25
Q

Kind of edema that suggests cor pulmonale

A

symmetric pedal edema

26
Q

Characteristic of pulse in patients with obstructive lung disease

A

Pulsus paradoxus

27
Q

Cyanosis is seen at what level of deoxygenated hemoglobin?

A

> 5g/dL

28
Q

Initial pulmonary functional test

A

SPIROMETRY

29
Q

FEV1/FVC ratio of obstructive

A

<70% of expected

30
Q

What does plateau of inspiratory and expiratory curves suggests?

A

Large airway obstruction in extrathoracic and intrathoracic locations

31
Q

Total lung capacity for patients with restrictive lung disease

A

<80% of the predicted value for a patient’s age, race, sex, and height

32
Q

Causes of restrictive lung disease

A

parenchymal, neuromuscular weakness, or chest wall or pleural disease

33
Q

Normal spirometry, normal lung volumes, and low DLCO

A

evaluate for pulmonary vascular disease

34
Q

Increased (A-a) DO2 at rest

A

V/Q mismatch or shunt physiology

35
Q

Function of Respiratory system

A
  1. oxygenate blood

2. eliminate carbon dioxide

36
Q

Blood flow through the lung

A

Unidirectional via continuous vascular path

37
Q

Alveolar surface area

A

70 sq.m

38
Q

Average volume of thoracic cavity

A

7L

39
Q

X ray position to detect free flowing fluid

A

lateral decubitus

40
Q

X ray position to visualize apices

A

apical lordotic view

41
Q

Limitations of poratable x ray

A
  1. single AP view
  2. Variability in over and underexposed film
  3. shorter focal spot-film distance - lack of edge sharpness and loss of detail
  4. magnification of cardiac silhouette
42
Q

Produces images using echoes or reflection of US beam from interfaces between tissues with differing acoustic properties

A

Ultrasound

43
Q

Modality used to identify sepatations within loculated collections and can facilitate placement of needle for sampling

A

Ultrasound

44
Q

US probe is passed through a broncoscope

A

Endobronchial US

45
Q

Modality that is valuable in assessing hilar and mediastinal disease and in identifying and characterizing disease adjacent to the chest wall or spine.

A

CT scan

46
Q

Distinguish vascular from non vascular structure (modality)

A

CT scan

47
Q

Thickness of cross sectional images in high resolution CT scan

A

1-2 mm

48
Q

Thickness of cross sectional images in conventional CT scan

A

7-10 mm

49
Q

Standard method for thoracic CT

A

Helical scanning

50
Q

Can obtain multiple slices in single rotaion that are thinner and can be acquired in a shorter period of time

A

multidetector CT scan

51
Q

commonly used to identify malignant lesions in the lung based on their increased uptake and metabolism of glucose

A

PET scanning

52
Q

Radiolabel in PET scan

A

FDG

53
Q

Modality useful in demonstrating pulmonary emboli, aortic lesions, or other vascular abnormalities

A

MRI

54
Q

sampling of pleural liquid

A

thoracentesis

55
Q

direct visualization of the tracheobronchial tree

A

Bronchoscopy

56
Q

Specimen of choice for recovery of pneumocystis jiroveci

A

bronchoalveolar lavage

OS 213 Respiratory EXAM 1 (19 decks)

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