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OS 213 Respiratory EXAM 1 > Parasitic Diseases of the lungs > Flashcards

Parasitic Diseases of the lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Parasites known to affect the lungs

A

Ascaris, Hookworm, Strogyloides, schistosoma

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2
Q

Helminth that cause pulmonary hypertension

A

Schistosoma or Oriental blood fluke

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3
Q

Causative agent of TPE

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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4
Q

Visceral larva migrans

A

toxocara

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5
Q

Also nown as simple pulmonary eosinophilia, characterzied by transient pulmonary infiltrates associated with peripheral eosinophilia

A

Loeffler’s syndrome

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of Loeffler’s sydnrome

A

hypersensitivty response to an ingested or inhaled antigen

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7
Q

Toxic eosinophilic products

A

major basic protein
Eosinophil cationic protein
Eosinophil derived neurotoxin

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8
Q

Paralysis of cilia, causing cough and difficulty in breathing

A

Ciliastasis

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9
Q

Results in asthma like symptoms, can be misdiagnosed as bronchial asthaama and pneumonia

A

Loeffler’s syndrome

-release of PAF and leukotrienes contributing to bronchospasm

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10
Q

Embolization of microfilariae or eggs which degenerate and expose antigens to the local immune system can lead to?

A

Grranuloma formation

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11
Q

Most common roundworm parasitism in the philippines

A

Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)

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12
Q

Life cycle of ascaris lumbricoides

A

Lumen of small intestine -> Unfertizied egg -> fertile eggs -> ingested -> larvae -> intestinal mucosa -> portal -> systemic -> lungs -> bronchial tree to the throat and are swallowed.

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13
Q

Sputum findings of Ascariasis

A

eosinophils, charcot leyden crystals, sometimes larvae

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14
Q

Causative sp. of hookworming infction

A

Necator americanus, ancylostoma duodenale

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15
Q

___ and _____ are observed during the lung migration phase of hookworms

A

Transient pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia

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16
Q

Large number of larvae causing nausea, vomiting dyspnea and high eosinophilia.

A

Wakuna disease

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17
Q

type of anemia caused by hookworm

A

microcytic hypochromic anemia

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18
Q

Volume of blood/day consumed by hookworms

A

30 to 150 uL/day

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19
Q

Transmission of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

skin penetration

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20
Q

Acute phase of Strongyloidiasis

A

Diarrhea

21
Q

Chronic phase of strongyloidiasis

A

Dormant infection

22
Q

Large numbers of recently larvae burrow through the intestine and migrate to the lungs

A

Hyperinfection syndrome

23
Q

Most common cause of schistosomiasis in the philippines

A

Schistosoma japonicum (hardest to control)

24
Q

Most common complication of schistosomiasis

A

pulmonary hypertension

*Fibrous State

25
Q

Chronic pulmonary Manidestation schistosomiasis

A

Chronic cough and dyspnea
Production of thick, blood tinged sputum or frank hemoptysis
Patchy infiltrates, coin lesions

26
Q

Abnormal looking mucosa of the rectum is sampled and analyze under microscope

A

Rectal imprint

27
Q

COPT

A

circumoval precipitin test

28
Q

Associated with immune hyperresponsiveness to Wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi

A

Lymphatic filariasis and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

29
Q

SIgns of LF

A

filariasis, lymphedema, hydrocoele

30
Q

Acquried through ingestion of inadequately cooked or pickled crustacean

A

Paragonimus

31
Q

Foodborne trematode

A

Paragonimus westermani

32
Q

Characterstics of P. westermani

A

Plump val, reddish brown fluke
7.5 -20mm long, 4-6 mm wide and 3-5 mm thick
Hermaphroditic
With two suckers (oral and ventral)

33
Q

Life cycle of P westermanii

A

Embtyonated eggs _> miracidia ->snail -> sporocysts - > rediae -> cercariae -> human infection -> metacercariae excyst in the duodenum -> lungs

34
Q

Juvenile worms can elaborate hydrolytic enzymes like _____ which are important in invasion biology

A

cysteine proteases

35
Q

Pathology of Paragonimiasis

A

Generalized fibrosis
Cystic dilatation
Persistent pneumonia
cyst formatin

36
Q

Destroys the protective covering of the cyst so that the immune system can appropriately eliminate the invading parasite

A

Praziquantel

37
Q

Egg depositin starts -___ weeks ater infection (paragonimus)

A

5-6

38
Q

Sputum of pt with paragonimiasis

A

rusty, with the color of clotted blod

39
Q

Extrapulmonary paragonimiasis

A

Cerebral, abdominal (Spleen and liver), subcutaneous and miscellaneous forms

40
Q

Concentration technique for light paragonimiasis infection

A

3% NaOH

41
Q

Paragonimiasis wasfirst described by?

A

Musgrave

42
Q

First intermediate host of P. westermani

A

Antemelania asperata

Antemelania dactylus

43
Q

2nd intermediate hosts of P. westermani

A

Sundathelpusa philippina

Varuna literata

44
Q

Reservoir host of P. westermanii

A

Cats, dogs, rats

45
Q

Paratenic host of P. westermanii

A

Pig

46
Q

Treatment for P. westermanii

A

Praziquantel (25 mg/kg 3x daily (203 days)

47
Q

Follow up to treated patients.

A

Repeat sputum exam after 90 days after treatment.

48
Q

Triclabendazole

A

First line drug
This now the recommended drug of choice by WHO

10mg/kg for two doses in a single day
10 mg/kg single dose, high cure rates, better tolerated and better

OS 213 Respiratory EXAM 1 (19 decks)

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