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Respiratory System > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meaning pneumonia

A

-it is the inflammation of the lung parenchyma

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2
Q

What are types of the pneumonia based on etiology

A

-bacterial
-viral

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3
Q

What are the most common virures causing pneumonia

A

-influenza virus
-rsv
-adenovirus

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4
Q

What are the bacterial classification of pneumonia

A

-typical
-atypical

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5
Q

What are the examples of atypical bacteria

A

-mycoplasma pneumonia
-chlamyophila pneumonia
-legionella

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6
Q

What are types of the pneumonia based on morphology

A

-lobar
-segmental
-bronchopneumonia

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7
Q

What are the characters of bronchopneumonia

A

-patchy
-multifocal

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8
Q

What are the predisposing factors of pneumonia

A

-immunosupression (>infection; ABPA)
-smoking (chronic lung disease; COPD)
-aspiration (LOC, stroke and parkinsonism)

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9
Q

What are types of the pneumonia based on clinical

A

-community acquired pnemonia
-hospital acquired pneumonia

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10
Q

Ventilation associated pneumonia is a subtype of _____

A

-HAP

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11
Q

What is the definition of CAP

A

-it is a pneumonia acquired outside of hospital
-within 48-72h of hospitalisation without instrumentation

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12
Q

What is the CAP causative agent of outpatient without comorbidity

A

-gram +
-strep. pneumonie

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13
Q

What is the CAP causative agent of outpatient with comorbidity

A

-gram -

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14
Q

What is the CAP causative agent of aspiration

A

-anaerobes

(tips: remember the first name)

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15
Q

What is the definition of HAP

A

-pneumonia acquired after 48h of hospitalisation

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16
Q

What is the HAP causative agent for early onset

A

-gram +
-as strep. pneumonie

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17
Q

What is the HAP causative agent for late onset

A

-gram -
-as klebsiella and pseudomonas

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18
Q

What is the HAP causative agent for ICU

A

-gram -

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19
Q

What is the HAP causative agent for air conditioning pneumonia

A

-atypical
-legionella

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20
Q

What is the HAP causative agent for aspiration

A

-anaerobes

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21
Q

What is the pathology of consolidation of pneumonia

A

-congestion
-red hepatization
-grey hepatization
-resolution

22
Q

What are the clinical presentations for typical pneumonia

A

-high grade fever
-productive cough
-dyspnea
-stabbing chest pain
-lies on affected site to decrease pain

23
Q

What is the typical clinical finding during inspection of pneumonia

A

-patient looks ill
-use of accessory muscle

24
Q

What is the typical clinical finding during palpation of pneumonia

A

-increase TVF

25
Q

What is the typical clinical finding during percussion of pneumonia

A

-dullness

26
Q

What is the typical clinical finding during auscultation of pneumonia

A

-bronchial sound
-crackle

27
Q

What is the typical radiological finding during CXR of pneumonia

A

-increase density
-air bronchohgram
-pleura effusion

28
Q

What are the methods of detection of organism

A

-sputum
-invasive

29
Q

What is the example of sputum examination

A

-culture
-immunodetection
-stain

30
Q

What is the example of invasive examination

A

-nasopharyngeal swap
-bronchoscopy
-thoracentesis
-biopsy

31
Q

What is the purpose of the nasopharyngeal swab

A

-DFA

32
Q

What is the purpose of the thoracentesis

A

-differentiate between simple or complete effusions

33
Q

What are the complications of pneumonia

A

-ARDS
-bronchioectasis
-lung abscess
-pleura effusion
-sepsis

34
Q

What are the general approach to treatment of pneumonia

A

-types
-risk factor
-age
-concomitant disease
-severity

35
Q

What is CURB-65 indicates

A

-prognostic value

36
Q

What is CURB-65 meaning

A

-confusion
-urea > 7
-respiratory rate > 30
-blood pressure (out of 60-90)
-age > 65

37
Q

What is the indicative and management for 0 score

A

-mortality rate: 1.5
-treat outside the hospital

38
Q

What is the indicative and management for 2 score

A

-mortality rate: 10%
-treat inside of the hospital

39
Q

What is the indicative and management for 3 score

A

-mortality rate: 20%
-ICU

40
Q

What is the indications of ICU

A

-septic shock
-ARF
-3 minors from 9

41
Q

What are the criteria of ICU admission (9)

A

-confusions
-urea>20
-respiratory rate
-bp (hypotension)
-PaO2/FiO2<250
-hypothermia
-leukopenia
-thrombocytopenia
-multiple focal

42
Q

What is the empirical therapy of outpatient with and without risk factor

A

-macrolide
-fluoroquinoles or macrolide with beta lactam

43
Q

What is the empirical therapy for inpatient ICU or non ICU

A

-ICU: fluoroquinoles with macrolide and beta lactam
-non ICU: fluoroquinoles or macrolide with beta lactam

44
Q

Definition of recurrent pneumonia

A

-2 or more attack of pneumonia
-with complete resolution of 1 month in between
-in a year

45
Q

What is the definition of bronchioectasis

A

-persistent and irreversible
-dilation of the bronchi
-due to repeated inflammation

46
Q

What are the most important signs of bronchioectasis

A

-cupful of pus
-nail clubbing

47
Q

What are the types of bronchioectasis

A

-cylindrical
-varicose
-cyst

48
Q

What are the complications of bronchioectasis

A

-recurrent infection
-severe hemoptysis
-corpulmonale
-lung abscess
-empyema
-secondary amyloidosis

49
Q

What are the specific findings of CRX in
bronchioectasis

A

-tram tracking
-signet ring

50
Q

What are the specific findings of CRX in bronchioectasis

A

-air fluid level
-finger in glove

51
Q

What are the specific findings of CT in bronchioectasis

A

-signet ring (>1)
-loss of bronchial tapering

52
Q

What are the main management of bronchioectasis

A

-postural drainage
-percussion physiotherapy

Respiratory System (15 decks)

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