Anatomy Flashcards
The shape of the diaphragm
Inverted J shape
What is diaphragm nerve supply and its origin?
-phrenic nerve
-c3,c4,c5
(Notes: c3, 4 and 5 keeps the diaphram alive)
List down the openings on the diaphragm
-caval
-esophageal
-aortic
What makes the central portion of the diaphragm
Tendinous
What makes the outer portion of the diaphragm
Muscular
_____ is 1/2 space higher than the ____
A. right and left
B. left and right
right is 1/2 space higher than the left
What are the origins of the diaphram
-sternal head
-costal head
-veterbral (lumbar) head
Regarding the costal head, what number of ribs and costal cartilages do it takes the origin from?
The lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages
Regarding the lumbar head, what structures arise from it?
-left and right crura
-arcuate ligament
What is the insertion of diaphragm
Central tendon
The origin of the right crura
L1-3
The origin of left crura and what is its character
-L1-2
-shorter
How many arcuate ligaments do the diaphragm has?
-4 arcuate ligaments;
2 median arcuate ligaments
2 lateral arcuate ligaments
What is the function of the 1st median arcuate ligament and its location
-it connects the two cruras
-T12
What is the attachment of the 2nd median arcuate ligament
from the the 2nd lumbar veterbra to the tranverse process of the 1st lumbar veterbra
What is the attachment of the lateral arcuate ligament
From the tranverse process of the 1st lumbar veterbra to the last ribs
What is the location of the caval opening?
- level of vetebra
- location from midline
- course
-T8
-right to the midline
-within the central tendon
What is the location of the esophageal opening?
- level of vetebra
- location from midline
- course
-T10
-left to the midline
-within the muscle of the right crura
What is the location of the aortic opening?
- level of vetebra
- location from midline
- course
-T12
-in the midline
-behind the cruras
What are the contents of the caval opening?
-inferior vena cava
-right phrenic nerve
What are the contents of the esophageal opening?
-esophagus
-esophageal branches of the left gastric vessel and lymph
-vagus nerve
What are the contents of the aortic opening?
-aorta
-azygos vein
-hemiazygos vein
-thoracic duct
What is the extend of the trachea
It extends from the larynx to its bifurcation at the carina
What forms the trachea
-c-shaped hyaline cartilage
-about 16-20 in numbers
What is the structure of the anterior part of the trachea
-tracheal rings
-which is formed by hyaline cartilage
What is the structure of the posterior part of the trachea
-smooth muscle which is trachealis muscle
Where does the trachea starts and ends (bifurcation)
-it starts at the C6
-it ends at the lower border of the T6
What are the anterior relations of the trachea in the neck
-isthmus of the thyroid gland
-inferior thyroid vein
-jugular arch
The isthmus of the thyroid gland is located at what rings of the trachea
from second to fourth
What are the lateral relations of the trachea in the neck
-lobes of the thyroid glands
-carotid sheath (common carotid artery)
extra information:
carotid sheath contents (I See 10cc IV)
What are the posterior relations of the trachea in the neck
-esophagus
-right and left laryngeal nerves
What are the anterior relations of the trachea in the mediastinum
-manubrium steni
-thymus gland
-arch of aorta
-left brachiocephalic vein
What are the right relations of the trachea in the mediastinum
-right vagus
-right lung and pleura
-azygos arch
What are the left relations of the trachea in the mediastinum
-left vagus
-left lung and pleura
-aortic arch
What are the posterior relations of the trachea in the mediastinum
-esophagus
-left laryngeal nerve
What is the blood supply of upper 2/3 of trachea
Inferior thyroid artery
What is the blood supply of lower 1/3 of trachea
Bronchial artery
What is the venous drainage of the trachea
Inferior thyroid plexus
What is the the innervations of the trachea
-vagus nerve
-recurrent laryngeal nerve
