Anatomy

Question 1

The shape of the diaphragm

Answer 1

Inverted J shape

Question 2

What is diaphragm nerve supply and its origin?

Answer 2

-phrenic nerve
-c3,c4,c5

(Notes: c3, 4 and 5 keeps the diaphram alive)

Question 3

List down the openings on the diaphragm

Answer 3

-caval
-esophageal
-aortic

Question 4

What makes the central portion of the diaphragm

Answer 4

Tendinous

Question 5

What makes the outer portion of the diaphragm

Answer 5

Muscular

Question 6

_____ is 1/2 space higher than the ____

A. right and left
B. left and right

Answer 6

right is 1/2 space higher than the left

Question 7

What are the origins of the diaphram

Answer 7

-sternal head
-costal head
-veterbral (lumbar) head

Question 8

Regarding the costal head, what number of ribs and costal cartilages do it takes the origin from?

Answer 8

The lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages

Question 9

Regarding the lumbar head, what structures arise from it?

Answer 9

-left and right crura
-arcuate ligament

Question 10

What is the insertion of diaphragm

Answer 10

Central tendon

Question 11

The origin of the right crura

Answer 11

L1-3

Question 12

The origin of left crura and what is its character

Answer 12

-L1-2
-shorter

Question 13

How many arcuate ligaments do the diaphragm has?

Answer 13

-4 arcuate ligaments;
2 median arcuate ligaments
2 lateral arcuate ligaments

Question 14

What is the function of the 1st median arcuate ligament and its location

Answer 14

-it connects the two cruras
-T12

Question 15

What is the attachment of the 2nd median arcuate ligament

Answer 15

from the the 2nd lumbar veterbra to the tranverse process of the 1st lumbar veterbra

Question 16

What is the attachment of the lateral arcuate ligament

Answer 16

From the tranverse process of the 1st lumbar veterbra to the last ribs

Question 17

What is the location of the caval opening?
- level of vetebra
- location from midline
- course

Answer 17

-T8
-right to the midline
-within the central tendon

Question 18

What is the location of the esophageal opening?
- level of vetebra
- location from midline
- course

Answer 18

-T10
-left to the midline
-within the muscle of the right crura

Question 19

What is the location of the aortic opening?
- level of vetebra
- location from midline
- course

Answer 19

-T12
-in the midline
-behind the cruras

Question 20

What are the contents of the caval opening?

Answer 20

-inferior vena cava
-right phrenic nerve

Question 21

What are the contents of the esophageal opening?

Answer 21

-esophagus
-esophageal branches of the left gastric vessel and lymph
-vagus nerve

Question 22

What are the contents of the aortic opening?

Answer 22

-aorta
-azygos vein
-hemiazygos vein
-thoracic duct

Question 23

What is the extend of the trachea

Answer 23

It extends from the larynx to its bifurcation at the carina

Question 24

What forms the trachea

Answer 24

-c-shaped hyaline cartilage
-about 16-20 in numbers

Question 25

What is the structure of the anterior part of the trachea

Answer 25

-tracheal rings -which is formed by hyaline cartilage

Question 26

What is the structure of the posterior part of the trachea

Answer 26

-smooth muscle which is trachealis muscle

Question 27

Where does the trachea starts and ends (bifurcation)

Answer 27

-it starts at the C6 -it ends at the lower border of the T6

Question 28

What are the anterior relations of the trachea in the neck

Answer 28

-isthmus of the thyroid gland -inferior thyroid vein -jugular arch

Question 29

The isthmus of the thyroid gland is located at what rings of the trachea

Answer 29

from second to fourth

Question 30

What are the lateral relations of the trachea in the neck

Answer 30

-lobes of the thyroid glands -carotid sheath (common carotid artery) extra information: carotid sheath contents (I See 10cc IV)

Question 31

What are the posterior relations of the trachea in the neck

Answer 31

-esophagus -right and left laryngeal nerves

Question 32

What are the anterior relations of the trachea in the mediastinum

Answer 32

-manubrium steni -thymus gland -arch of aorta -left brachiocephalic vein

Question 33

What are the right relations of the trachea in the mediastinum

Answer 33

-right vagus -right lung and pleura -azygos arch

Question 34

What are the left relations of the trachea in the mediastinum

Answer 34

-left vagus -left lung and pleura -aortic arch

Question 35

What are the posterior relations of the trachea in the mediastinum

Answer 35

-esophagus -left laryngeal nerve

Question 36

What is the blood supply of upper 2/3 of trachea

Answer 36

Inferior thyroid artery

Question 37

What is the blood supply of lower 1/3 of trachea

Answer 37

Bronchial artery

Question 38

What is the venous drainage of the trachea

Answer 38

Inferior thyroid plexus

Question 39

What is the the innervations of the trachea

Answer 39

-vagus nerve -recurrent laryngeal nerve