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Respiratory System > COPD > Flashcards

COPD Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of COPD

A

-it is a term refers to a patient with chronic bronchitis or emphysema
-with or without asthma

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2
Q

Definition of chronic bronchitis

A

-it’s a productive cough
-that occurs for at least 3 months
-for 2 consecutive years

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3
Q

Definition of emphysema

A

-permanent enlargement
-due to loss of its elasticity

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4
Q

What is the other term to describe chronic bronchitis

A

-blue bloaters
-type B COPD

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5
Q

What is the other term to describe emphysema

A

-pink puffer
-type A COPD

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of COPD

A

Smoking (cigarettes)

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7
Q

What is the major cause of chronic bronchitis

A

Smoking

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8
Q

What is the major causes of emphysema

A
  • smoking (cigarettes)
  • hereditary: a1-antitripsin deficiency
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9
Q

Types of chronic bronchitis

A

-simple
-mucopurulent
-obstructive

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10
Q

What is the general types of emphysema

A

-true
-false

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11
Q

What is the example of false emphysema

A

-senile
-compensatory
-localized
-unilateral (mcleod’s syndome)

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12
Q

What is the example of true emphysema and its type

A

-primary; emphysema (type A)
-secondary; chronic bronchitis (type B)

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13
Q

What are the pathophysiological of COPD

A

-cardiovascular
-respiratory

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14
Q

What are the pathophysiological of respiratory abnormalities

A

-disturbed ventilation
-disturbed diffusion
-disturbed perfusion

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15
Q

What are the pathophysiological of respiratory abnormalities

A

-pulmonary hypertrophy
-hypoxic corpulmonale
-left ventricular failure

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16
Q

What are the pathophysiological of cardiovascular abnormalities

A

-pulmonary hypertrophy
-hypoxic corpulmonale
-left ventricular failure

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17
Q

What are the clinical types of emphysema

A

-centriacinar (type b)
-panacinar (type a)

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18
Q

What is the difference between centriacinar and panacinar based on the cause

A

-smoking
-alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

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19
Q

What is the difference between centriacinar and panacinar based on the dominant

A

-chronic bronchitis
-emphysema

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20
Q

What is the sensitivity of centriacinar towards the respiratory centre and the reason of it

A

-less sensitive
-due to presence of hypercapnia
-no severe hypoxia
-no severe dyspnea

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21
Q

What is the sensitivity of panacinar towards the respiratory centre and the reason of it

A

-more sensitive
-it has no hypercapnia
-it has severe hypoxia
-it has severe dyspnea

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22
Q

What is the result of centriacinar?

A

-cor pulmonale
-cyanosis (blue)
-edematous (bloater)

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23
Q

What is the result of panacinar

A

-pink puffer

24
Q

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on dyspnea

A

-less severe
-more severe

25
Q

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on sputum

A

-cupious
-scanty

26
Q

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on cyanosis

A

-presence
-not presence

27
Q

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on corpulmonale

A

-common
-late

28
Q

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on x-ray

A

-bronchial markings
-hyperinflated

notes:
-because it’s bronchitis thus affecting bronchus
-because of the permanent enlargement

29
Q

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on PO2

A

-marked decrease
-slight decrease

30
Q

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on PCO2

A

-marked increase
-normal

31
Q

What is the symptoms of COPD

A

-productive cough (cupious mucus)
-dyspnea
-wheezing

32
Q

What are the complications of COPD

A

-respiratory
-cardiovascular
-polythemia
-edema
-nephrotic syndrome
-peptic ulcer

33
Q

What is the respiratory complication of COPD

A

-failure
-infection
-bronchiectasis
-pneumothorax

34
Q

What is the cardiovascular complication of COPD

A

-cor pulmonale
-LVF

35
Q

How to classify the severity of COPD

A

-evaluate the value of FEV1

36
Q

What are the severity of COPD

A

-gold 1 (mild)
-gold 2 (moderate)
-gold 3 (severe)
-gold (highly severe)

37
Q

What is the FEV1 value for mild

A

> 80%

38
Q

What is the FEV1 value for moderate

A

50-80%

39
Q

What is the FEV1 value for severe

A

30-50%

40
Q

What is the FEV1 value for very severe

A

<30%

41
Q

How the treatment groups are formed

A

-mMRC
-CAT
-number of hospitalisation

42
Q

What is the criteria of group A

A

-mMRC: 0-1
-CAT <10
-number of hospitalisation: 0-1

43
Q

What is the criteria of group B

A

-mMRC: >2
-CAT: >10
-number of hospitalisation: 0-1

44
Q

What is the criteria of group C

A

-mMRC: 0-1
-CAT: <10
-number of hospitalisation:>2

45
Q

What is the criteria of group D

A

-mMRC: >2
-CAT: >10
-number of hospitalisation: >2

46
Q

What is the treatment plan for group A

A

-bronchodilator
-evaluate the effects

47
Q

What is the treatment plan for group B

A

-use LABA or LAMA
-if persistent use both

48
Q

What is the treatment plan for group C

A

-first choice: LAMA
-second choice: LAMA+LABA
-alternative: LABA + ICS

49
Q

What is the treatment plan for group D

A

-use all
-LABA, LAMA and ICS

50
Q

In group D, what is the treatment plan for former smoker

A

Macrolide

51
Q

Disturbed perfusion in COPD is due to

A

Vasoconstriction of blood vessel

52
Q

Inspiratory neck vein congestion in COPD is due to

A

-corpulmonale

53
Q

In Type B of COPD, patients weight will

A

-normal or decrease

54
Q

What is the most effective treatment of COPD

A

-antimuscurinic

55
Q

_______ is the alternative in patients whose symptoms are not controlled by triple therapy

A

Theophylline

Respiratory System (15 decks)

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