COPD Flashcards
Definition of COPD
-it is a term refers to a patient with chronic bronchitis or emphysema
-with or without asthma
Definition of chronic bronchitis
-it’s a productive cough
-that occurs for at least 3 months
-for 2 consecutive years
Definition of emphysema
-permanent enlargement
-due to loss of its elasticity
What is the other term to describe chronic bronchitis
-blue bloaters
-type B COPD
What is the other term to describe emphysema
-pink puffer
-type A COPD
What is the most common cause of COPD
Smoking (cigarettes)
What is the major cause of chronic bronchitis
Smoking
What is the major causes of emphysema
- smoking (cigarettes)
- hereditary: a1-antitripsin deficiency
Types of chronic bronchitis
-simple
-mucopurulent
-obstructive
What is the general types of emphysema
-true
-false
What is the example of false emphysema
-senile
-compensatory
-localized
-unilateral (mcleod’s syndome)
What is the example of true emphysema and its type
-primary; emphysema (type A)
-secondary; chronic bronchitis (type B)
What are the pathophysiological of COPD
-cardiovascular
-respiratory
What are the pathophysiological of respiratory abnormalities
-disturbed ventilation
-disturbed diffusion
-disturbed perfusion
What are the pathophysiological of respiratory abnormalities
-pulmonary hypertrophy
-hypoxic corpulmonale
-left ventricular failure
What are the pathophysiological of cardiovascular abnormalities
-pulmonary hypertrophy
-hypoxic corpulmonale
-left ventricular failure
What are the clinical types of emphysema
-centriacinar (type b)
-panacinar (type a)
What is the difference between centriacinar and panacinar based on the cause
-smoking
-alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
What is the difference between centriacinar and panacinar based on the dominant
-chronic bronchitis
-emphysema
What is the sensitivity of centriacinar towards the respiratory centre and the reason of it
-less sensitive
-due to presence of hypercapnia
-no severe hypoxia
-no severe dyspnea
What is the sensitivity of panacinar towards the respiratory centre and the reason of it
-more sensitive
-it has no hypercapnia
-it has severe hypoxia
-it has severe dyspnea
What is the result of centriacinar?
-cor pulmonale
-cyanosis (blue)
-edematous (bloater)
What is the result of panacinar
-pink puffer
What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on dyspnea
-less severe
-more severe
What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on sputum
-cupious
-scanty
What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on cyanosis
-presence
-not presence
What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on corpulmonale
-common
-late
What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on x-ray
-bronchial markings
-hyperinflated
notes:
-because it’s bronchitis thus affecting bronchus
-because of the permanent enlargement
What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on PO2
-marked decrease
-slight decrease
What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on PCO2
-marked increase
-normal
What is the symptoms of COPD
-productive cough (cupious mucus)
-dyspnea
-wheezing
What are the complications of COPD
-respiratory
-cardiovascular
-polythemia
-edema
-nephrotic syndrome
-peptic ulcer
What is the respiratory complication of COPD
-failure
-infection
-bronchiectasis
-pneumothorax
What is the cardiovascular complication of COPD
-cor pulmonale
-LVF
How to classify the severity of COPD
-evaluate the value of FEV1
What are the severity of COPD
-gold 1 (mild)
-gold 2 (moderate)
-gold 3 (severe)
-gold (highly severe)
What is the FEV1 value for mild
> 80%
What is the FEV1 value for moderate
50-80%
What is the FEV1 value for severe
30-50%
What is the FEV1 value for very severe
<30%
How the treatment groups are formed
-mMRC
-CAT
-number of hospitalisation
What is the criteria of group A
-mMRC: 0-1
-CAT <10
-number of hospitalisation: 0-1
What is the criteria of group B
-mMRC: >2
-CAT: >10
-number of hospitalisation: 0-1
What is the criteria of group C
-mMRC: 0-1
-CAT: <10
-number of hospitalisation:>2
What is the criteria of group D
-mMRC: >2
-CAT: >10
-number of hospitalisation: >2
What is the treatment plan for group A
-bronchodilator
-evaluate the effects
What is the treatment plan for group B
-use LABA or LAMA
-if persistent use both
What is the treatment plan for group C
-first choice: LAMA
-second choice: LAMA+LABA
-alternative: LABA + ICS
What is the treatment plan for group D
-use all
-LABA, LAMA and ICS
In group D, what is the treatment plan for former smoker
Macrolide
Disturbed perfusion in COPD is due to
Vasoconstriction of blood vessel
Inspiratory neck vein congestion in COPD is due to
-corpulmonale
In Type B of COPD, patients weight will
-normal or decrease
What is the most effective treatment of COPD
-antimuscurinic
_______ is the alternative in patients whose symptoms are not controlled by triple therapy
Theophylline
