COPD Flashcards by Daniel Aznor

Definition of COPD

-it is a term refers to a patient with chronic bronchitis or emphysema
-with or without asthma

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Definition of chronic bronchitis

-it’s a productive cough
-that occurs for at least 3 months
-for 2 consecutive years

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Definition of emphysema

-permanent enlargement
-due to loss of its elasticity

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What is the other term to describe chronic bronchitis

-blue bloaters
-type B COPD

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What is the other term to describe emphysema

-pink puffer
-type A COPD

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What is the most common cause of COPD

Smoking (cigarettes)

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What is the major cause of chronic bronchitis

Smoking

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What is the major causes of emphysema

smoking (cigarettes)
hereditary: a1-antitripsin deficiency

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Types of chronic bronchitis

-simple
-mucopurulent
-obstructive

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What is the general types of emphysema

-true
-false

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What is the example of false emphysema

-senile
-compensatory
-localized
-unilateral (mcleod’s syndome)

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What is the example of true emphysema and its type

-primary; emphysema (type A)
-secondary; chronic bronchitis (type B)

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What are the pathophysiological of COPD

-cardiovascular
-respiratory

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What are the pathophysiological of respiratory abnormalities

-disturbed ventilation
-disturbed diffusion
-disturbed perfusion

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What are the pathophysiological of respiratory abnormalities

-pulmonary hypertrophy
-hypoxic corpulmonale
-left ventricular failure

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What are the pathophysiological of cardiovascular abnormalities

-pulmonary hypertrophy
-hypoxic corpulmonale
-left ventricular failure

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What are the clinical types of emphysema

-centriacinar (type b)
-panacinar (type a)

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What is the difference between centriacinar and panacinar based on the cause

-smoking
-alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

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What is the difference between centriacinar and panacinar based on the dominant

-chronic bronchitis
-emphysema

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What is the sensitivity of centriacinar towards the respiratory centre and the reason of it

-less sensitive
-due to presence of hypercapnia
-no severe hypoxia
-no severe dyspnea

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What is the sensitivity of panacinar towards the respiratory centre and the reason of it

-more sensitive
-it has no hypercapnia
-it has severe hypoxia
-it has severe dyspnea

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What is the result of centriacinar?

-cor pulmonale
-cyanosis (blue)
-edematous (bloater)

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What is the result of panacinar

-pink puffer

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on dyspnea

-less severe
-more severe

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on sputum

-cupious -scanty

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on cyanosis

-presence -not presence

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on corpulmonale

-common -late

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on x-ray

-bronchial markings -hyperinflated notes: -because it’s bronchitis thus affecting bronchus -because of the permanent enlargement

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on PO2

-marked decrease -slight decrease

What is the different between blue bloater and pink puffer based on PCO2

-marked increase -normal

What is the symptoms of COPD

-productive cough (cupious mucus) -dyspnea -wheezing

What are the complications of COPD

-respiratory -cardiovascular -polythemia -edema -nephrotic syndrome -peptic ulcer

What is the respiratory complication of COPD

-failure -infection -bronchiectasis -pneumothorax

What is the cardiovascular complication of COPD

-cor pulmonale -LVF

How to classify the severity of COPD

-evaluate the value of FEV1

What are the severity of COPD

-gold 1 (mild) -gold 2 (moderate) -gold 3 (severe) -gold (highly severe)

What is the FEV1 value for mild

>80%

What is the FEV1 value for moderate

50-80%

What is the FEV1 value for severe

30-50%

What is the FEV1 value for very severe

<30%

How the treatment groups are formed

-mMRC -CAT -number of hospitalisation

What is the criteria of group A

-mMRC: 0-1 -CAT <10 -number of hospitalisation: 0-1

What is the criteria of group B

-mMRC: >2 -CAT: >10 -number of hospitalisation: 0-1

What is the criteria of group C

-mMRC: 0-1 -CAT: <10 -number of hospitalisation:>2

What is the criteria of group D

-mMRC: >2 -CAT: >10 -number of hospitalisation: >2

What is the treatment plan for group A

-bronchodilator -evaluate the effects

What is the treatment plan for group B

-use LABA or LAMA -if persistent use both

What is the treatment plan for group C

-first choice: LAMA -second choice: LAMA+LABA -alternative: LABA + ICS

What is the treatment plan for group D

-use all -LABA, LAMA and ICS

In group D, what is the treatment plan for former smoker

Macrolide

Disturbed perfusion in COPD is due to

Vasoconstriction of blood vessel

Inspiratory neck vein congestion in COPD is due to

-corpulmonale

In Type B of COPD, patients weight will

-normal or decrease

What is the most effective treatment of COPD

-antimuscurinic

_______ is the alternative in patients whose symptoms are not controlled by triple therapy

Theophylline