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Respiratory System > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Portions of Respiratory System

A

-Conducting portion
-Respiratory portion

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2
Q

What is the extend of the conducting zone

A

(From the nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles)

Notes:

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, intrapulmonary bronchus, terminal bronchioles

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3
Q

What is the extend of respiratory zone

A

From the respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

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4
Q

How many types of pneumocytes in the respiratory systems?

A

2 (type I and type II)

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5
Q

What are the type of tissue of pneumocyte type I and the function

A

-simple squamous epithelium
-thus it allows the gas exchange

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6
Q

What are the type of tissue of pneumocyte type II and the functions

A

-cuboidal and granular epithelium
-thus it allows secretion of surfactant
-and it allows regeneration

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7
Q

Type of tissue in conducting zone

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cell

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8
Q

Types of cells in respiratory epithelium

A

-ciliated columnar
-goblet cell
-brush cell
-basal cell
-endocrine cell

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9
Q

The most abundant type of cell in respiratory epithelium

A

Ciliated columnar cells

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10
Q

The most abundant type of cell in respiratory epithelium

A

Ciliated columnar cells

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11
Q

Describe the apical structure of the ciliated columnar

A

-it has apical cilia
-with mitochondria underneath it
-to provide energy for ciliary movement

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12
Q

Fate in case of failure of ciliary movement of the ciliated columnar cell

A

Chronic Respiratory Infection

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13
Q

What is the shape and content of apical portion of the goblet cell

A

-wide
-mucinogen granules

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14
Q

What is the shape and content of basal portion of the goblet cell

A

-narrow
-nucleus and organelles

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15
Q

Functions of goblet cells

A

-it secretes mucous
-this provides protective mechanism as trapping
-it prevents dehydration

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16
Q

What is the content of apical portion of the brush cell?

A

Microvilli

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17
Q

What is the content of basal portion of the brush cell?

A

Afferent Nerve Endings

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18
Q

What is the content of basal portion of the basal cell?

A

Afferent Nerve Endings

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19
Q

Functions of brush cells

A

it acts as a chemosensory receptor

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20
Q

Where does the basal cells lie

A

it lies on basal lamina

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21
Q

What is the shape of basal cells

A

-short
-it does not reach the luminal surface

22
Q

Function of basal cells and what is the characteristic that aids it

A

-it acts as a stem cell
-because it is mitotically active

23
Q

Where does the endocrine cells lie

A

It lies on the basal lamina

24
Q

What is the content of the basal portion of the endocrine cells

A

Dense granules

25
Q

Functions of endocrine cells

A

-it secretes hormones (aminopeptides)
-it acts as the integration of mucous and serous

26
Q

Functions of endocrine cells

A

-it secretes hormones (aminopeptides)
-it acts as the integration of mucous and serous

27
Q

What is the structure that supports the lungs?

A

-hyaline cartilage
-about 16-20 in numbers

28
Q

What are the components of the mucosal layer of the trachea

A

-epithelium
-lamina propria
-elastic membrane

29
Q

The respiratory epithelium of the trachea lies on ___ basal lamina

A. Thick
B. Thin

A

Thick

30
Q

What is the function of the elastic membrane of the mucosa of the trachea

A

-to separate between lamina propria and submucosa

31
Q

What are the contents of the submucosa of the trachea

A

-seromucous glands
-lymph follicles

32
Q

What is the structure that fills the gap between c-shaped hyaline cartilage in the supporting layer

A

it is a smooth muscle called trachialis muscle

33
Q

What are the changes that occur to the epithelium as it reaches distally

A

-pseudostratified columnar ciliated
-simple columnar ciliated
-simple cuboidal partially ciliated (at the terminal bronchioles)

NOTE: ciliated cells continue until the termination of goblet cells to prevent accumulation of mucous

34
Q

What are the changes that occur to the goblet cells as it reaches distally

A

it decreases in number and replaced with clara cells in the bronchioles

35
Q

What is the histological structure of the extrapulmonary bronchus

A

same with trachea

36
Q

In mucosal layer of bronchus, what differs it from trachea

A

-respiratory epithelium will decrease in size and the goblet cell will decrease in number
-no elastic membrane

37
Q

What is absent in the mucosal layer of bronchus

A

elastic membrane

38
Q

What is the content of the submucosa of the bronchus and how it is arranged

A

-layers of smooth muscles
-arranged spirally

39
Q

What is the contents of the supportive layer of the bronchus

A

-hyaline plates
-seromucous glands and lymph follicles

40
Q

List down the layers of the bronchioles

A

-mucosa
-musculosa
-connective tissue layer

41
Q

Describe the mucosal layer of the bronchioles

A

-simple cuboidal epithelium partially ciliated
-disappearance of goblet cells which replaced by clara cells

42
Q

Describe the mucosal layer of the bronchioles

A

-simple cuboidal epithelium partially ciliated
-disappearance of goblet cells which replaced by clara cells

43
Q

What are the structures that are absent in the bronchioles

A

Notes: Bronchioles has O in it so always NO

(No goblet cell, no cartilage, no glands, no lymph follicles)

44
Q

What are the components of the respiratory portion

A

-respiratory bronchioles
-alveolar duct
-alveolar sac
-alveoli

45
Q

Characters of alveoli

A

-pocket-like
-thin layer with extensive capillary beds

46
Q

Characters of alveoli

A

-pocket-like
-thin layer with extensive capillary beds

47
Q

“Wall of neighbouring alveoli”

This refers as

A

Interalveolar septum

48
Q

What presents in the cytoplasm of the pneumocyte type 1

A

-pinocytotic
-but free of organelles

NOTES; the organelles are grouped around the nucleus

49
Q

How does the pneumocytes connected to each other

A

-tight junction
-desmosome

50
Q

list down the layers of blood-air barriers

A

-surfactant of alveolar
-cytoplasm of pneumocytes type 1
-the fused basal laminae of pneumocytes type 1
-endothelial layers

51
Q

What are the structure that responsible to give foamy appearance if pneumocytes type II

A

lamella bodies

Respiratory System (15 decks)

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