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Respiratory System > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures that build the diaphragm

A

-septum tranversum
-pluroperitoneal membrane
-body wall
-dorsal esophageal mesentery

“Several Parts Build A Diaphragm”

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2
Q

What is the structure formed from septum transversum

A

central tendon

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3
Q

What is the structure formed from pleuroperitoneal membrane

A

-tendinous dorsolateral portion

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4
Q

What is the structure formed from body wall

A

-muscular peripheral portion

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5
Q

What is the structure formed from dorsal mesentery of esophagus

A

-crura

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6
Q

Regarding septum tranversum, what is its origin

A

-lateral plate mesoderm

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7
Q

Regarding septum tranversum, when is its formation

A

4th week

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8
Q

Regarding septum tranversum, when does it descend

A

6th week

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9
Q

Regarding septum tranversum, where is its location

A

-caudal to the pericardial cavity

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10
Q

Regarding septum tranversum, what happens after the migration

A

-the myotomes of C3, 4 and 5 will migrate to ST
-with the root of the phrenic nerve and pulls it down

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11
Q

Why is the pain in the diaphragm refers to the shoulder region

A

-because the innervation of the diaphragm is the same with the dermatomes of the shoulder region
-C3,4 and 5

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12
Q

The pleuroperitoneal membrane will grow ______ from the body wall

A

-medially

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13
Q

What is the fate after the growing of the pleuroperitoneal membrane

A

-it will encroach the pleuroperitoneal cavity
-it will fuse anteriorly and posteriorly

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14
Q

What is the structure does the pleuroperitoneal membrane fused anteriorly

A

-septum tranversum

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15
Q

What is the structure does the pleuroperitoneal membrane fused posteriorly

A

-dorsal esophageal mesentry

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16
Q

what are the congenital anomalies of the diaphragm

A

-congenital diaphragmatic hernia
-esophageal hiatal hernia
-retrostenal hernia
-eventration of the diaphragm

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17
Q

Definition of diaphragmatic hernia

A

-herniation of the abdominal content into the thoracic cavity

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18
Q

The cause of diaphragmatic hernia

A

-the failure of the pleuroperitoneal membrane to develop properly

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19
Q

The fate of diaphragmatic hernia

A

-pulmonary hypoplasia

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20
Q

The definition of esophageal hiatal hernia

A

-it is a herniation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity

21
Q

The cause of esophageal hiatal hernia

A

-abnormal large esophageal hernia
-due to incompetence of the cardiac sphincter

22
Q

The definition of eventration of diaphragm

A

-it is a muscular defect of the diaphragm

23
Q

The cause of eventration of diaphragm

A

-the failure of the body wall to extend to thé pleuroperitoneal membrane

24
Q

The fate of eventration of diaphragm

A

-dome will be pushed against the lungs

25
Q

The definition of retrostenal hernia

A

-it is the herniation between the sternal and costal part of diaphragm

26
Q

What happens during the 4th week

A

-the formation of the respiratory diverticulum

27
Q

Where is the location of the respiratory diverticulum

A

-it is ventral to the foregut

28
Q

What is the structure that separate the respiratory diverticulum with the foregut

A

-tracheoesophageal septum

29
Q

The foregut is divided into two. What are the divisions and the structure arises from it

A

-ventrally: respiratory primodium
-dorsally: esophagus

30
Q

What forms the mucosa of the trachea

A

-lower part of respiratory diverticulum
-endoderm

31
Q

What forms the connective tissue of the trachea

A

-mesoderm

32
Q

What will happen to the distal part of the respiratory diverticulum

A

-enlarge to form the lung bud

33
Q

What will happen to the lung bud

A

-bifurcation to form the bronchial bud

34
Q

When is the formation of lung

A

-25th to 28th weeks

35
Q

What structures that already exist during 25th to 28th weeks

A

-pneumocytes type I and II

36
Q

What happens to the premature babies that are given birth in 25th to 28th weeks

A

-survive
-with intensive care

37
Q

What does the primodium lung invaginate

A

-primary pleural cavity medially

38
Q

What forms the visceral pleura

A

-visceral pleura

39
Q

What forms the parietal pleura

A

-somatic pleura

40
Q

When is the formation alveolar

A

-the last 3 months before pregnancy until 8 years

41
Q

What is the cause of pulmonary agenesis

A

-failure formation of the bronchial buds

42
Q

What is the cause of pulmonary hypoplasia

A

-poorly bronchial tree
-abnormal histology

43
Q

What is the cause of accessory lobules

A

-due to the abnormal branching of the bronchial

44
Q

What associates with the trachea stenosis

A

-fistula

45
Q

What is the cause of congenital bronchial cyst

A

-due to the overdilation of the weak bronchi

46
Q

What is the cause of congenital neonatal emphysema

A

-due to the failure formation of bronchial cartilage

47
Q

What is the cause of the tracheoesophageal fistula

A

-malformation of the tracheoesophageal septum

48
Q

Where is the most common location of the tracheoesophageal fistula to occur

A

-between the esophagus and the distal 3rd of the trachea

49
Q

What associates with the tracheoesophageal fistula

A
  • esophageal atrasia with polyamnions
  • regurgitation of milk
  • gurgling and cyanosis after feeding
  • abdominal distension after crying
  • reflux to lungs leads to pneumonitis

ERGAR

Respiratory System (15 decks)

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