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Viscera and Visceral > Pleura and lungs > Flashcards

Pleura and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Bronchus cross section elements (4)

A

trachelais muscle, lumen, cartilaginous rings, osophagus posteriorly

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2
Q

bronchial tree elements (9)

A

cartilaginous rings, hilum, left main bronchus, right main bronchus, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, lower border of larynx/cricoid cartilage, bifurcation at T4/T5

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3
Q

How many orders of branching to alveoli

A

25

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4
Q

Why is there branching to alveoli

A

gas exchange

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5
Q

elements of branching to alveoli (6)

A

bronchi, bronchiole, cartilage loss, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveoli

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6
Q

what occurs in asthma

A

spasms of smooth muscle in lower airways and bronchioles

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7
Q

Triggers of asthma (4)

A

pollen, mold, dust mites, pet dander

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8
Q

Lung elements (11)

A

right lung, left lung,oblique fissure, horizontal fissure, superior lobe, middle lobe, inferior lobe, apex, superior lobe, inferior lobe, cardiac notch

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9
Q

types of blood supply to lungs (2)

A

pulmonary and bronchial

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10
Q

blood supply for respiratory gas exchange

A

pulmonary

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11
Q

pulmonary blood supply consists of (2)

A

pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins

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12
Q

what branching pattern does pulmonary blood supply follow

A

same as airway branching pattern

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13
Q

Pulmonary artery position

A

anterior and superior (ASP)

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14
Q

Pulmonary vein position

A

inferior and anterior (VIA)

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15
Q

blood supply for lung parenchyma

A

bronchial

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16
Q

where do bronchial arteries branch off

A

descending aorta

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17
Q

where do bronchial veins feed into for right lung

A

azygous vein

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18
Q

where do bronchial veins feed into for left lung

A

hemiazygous vein

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19
Q

what shape are bronchopulmonary segments

A

pyramid

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20
Q

bronchopumonary segment apex location

A

hilum

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21
Q

brochopulmonary segment base location

A

lung surface

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22
Q

what supplies bronchopulmonary segments (3)

A

segmental bronchi, artery and vein

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23
Q

what do bronchopulmonary segments represent

A

functionally disctinct lung zones

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24
Q

what happens if a bronchopulmonary segment is resected in surgery

A

no disruption to other lung units

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25
Q

how did physiotherapy used to clear specific bronchopulmonary segments

A

patient positioning

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26
Q

right lung medial surface elements (anterior to posterior) (9)

A

oblique fissure, phrenic nerve, apex, pulmonary veins, lymphatics, brochial arteries, pulmonary veins, pulmonary ligament, lobar bronchi, vagus nerve

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27
Q

right lung surface indentations (5)

A

azygous vein, right brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, shallow cardiac impression, diaphragm

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28
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the lungs

A

spinal cord and sympathetic chain segments of T1-T4

29
Q

sympathetic innervation role

A

bronchodilation

30
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the lungs

A

vagus nerve

31
Q

parasympathetic innervation motor role

A

bronchoconstriction

32
Q

Visceral sensory nerves to the lungs

A

sympathetic are nociceptive and parasympathetic is reflex (eg. cough)

33
Q

Lung lymphatic elements (5)

A

tracheal nodes, bronchomediastinal trunk, deep pulmonary vessels, lymph vessels in peripheral pleura, hilar bronchopulmonary nodes

34
Q

what lymph nodes are visible in the hilar

A

brronchopulmonary nodes

35
Q

what lymph vessels are visible in the lung

A

visceral pleura lymph vessels

36
Q

what is the pleura

A

closed double layer membrane surrounding viscera

37
Q

lung pleura elements (9)

A

pleural cavity, parietal pleura, visceral pleura, cosodiaphragmatic recess, costal surface, diaphragmatic surface, mediastinal surface, pulmonary ligament

38
Q

early development lung elements (5)

A

space, viscera, cells lining space/membrane, body wall, double layered membrane

39
Q

as fetus’ viscera grows the membrane does what to the organ

A

surrounds it

40
Q

elements of developing viscera (3)

A

visceral body, double layer membrane, space

41
Q

outside layer of double layer membrane

A

parietal layer

42
Q

inside layer of double layer membrane

A

visceral layer

43
Q

space between parietal and visceral layer contains

A

fluid

44
Q

reflections of the parietal and visceral layers produce

A

ligaments

45
Q

lung surfaces (3)

A

costal, diphragmatic, mediastinal

46
Q

space between parietal and visceral pleura

A

pleural cavity

47
Q

outer pleura

A

parietal pleura

48
Q

inner pleura

A

visceral pleura

49
Q

pouching of pleura seen in coronal plane

A

costodiphragmatic recess

50
Q

pouching of pleura seen in transverse plane

A

costomediastinal recess

51
Q

connecting right and left lung

A

pulmonary ligament

52
Q

sensory nerve supply to parietal pleura (2)

A

intercostal nerves and phrenic

53
Q

sensory nerve supply to visceral pleura

A

sympathetic

54
Q

sensory nerve supply to lung

A

sympathetic

55
Q

why is there only a potential pleural cavity

A

surface tension

56
Q

what happens if lung surface tension is broken

A

lung recoil

57
Q

what is inferior to the costodiphragmatic recess

A

diaphragm

58
Q

what causes pulmonary collapse

A

substance entering pleural cavity

59
Q

common causes of pulmonary collapse (2)

A

pneumothorax or haemothorax

60
Q

what is in pleural cavity in a pneumothorax

A

air

61
Q

what is in the pleural cavity in haemothorax

A

blood

62
Q

what happens in a small pneumothorax

A

air collects between lung and chest wall

63
Q

what happens in a large pneumothorax

A

pushes on lung and heart

64
Q

how is a large pneumothorax treated

A

air removed with a syringe and needle in a 3 way tap

65
Q

what area of the lung is prone to injury

A

apex

66
Q

where is lung apex located

A

superiorly

67
Q

if the heart is pushed to one side in a scan what could it indicate

A

pneumothorax

68
Q
A

Viscera and Visceral (24 decks)

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