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Viscera and Visceral > Pelvic Viscera > Flashcards

Pelvic Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Lower urinary tract (2)

A

urinary bladder and urethra

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2
Q

urinary bladder needs to be able to undergo

A

dynamic changes

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3
Q

muscle wall of urinary bladder

A

detrusor

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4
Q

urinary bladder is what to deal with dynamic changee

A

distensible

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5
Q

what changes in the urinary bladder with filling

A

shape

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6
Q

shape change in bladder

A

pyramidal/tetrahedral to rounded

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7
Q

urinary bladder in context (4)

A

urethra, neck of bladder, bladder, ureter

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8
Q

what does the ureter run between

A

bifurcation of common iliac artery

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9
Q

what does the common iliac artery split into

A

external iliac artery and internal iliac artery

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10
Q

features of the urinary bladder (11)

A

ureters, fundus, superior suface, infeolateral suface, neck, urethra, ureteic orrifice, median umbilical ligament, apex, trigone, body

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11
Q

what is the position of the fundus (2)

A

base posterior suface and opposite apex

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12
Q

what is the trigone a component of

A

bladder neck

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13
Q

what defines the trigone

A

ureter entry points

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14
Q

how is the trigone different to other bladder surfaces

A

smoother mucosal surface

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15
Q

what is the bladder neck

A

transition to urethra

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16
Q

what are the fibrous ligaments at the bladder neck (2)

A

pubovesical ligament and puboprostatic ligament

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17
Q

what can’t the fibrous ligaments of the bladder neck do

A

constrain distensible aspect

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18
Q

what can a distended bladder do to other organs

A

compress

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19
Q

what can put pressure on the bladder

A

pregnancy

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20
Q

what is posterior and inferior to the pubovesical ligament

A

vaginal opening in the deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane

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21
Q

the puboprostatic ligament has fibres to the

A

prostate

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22
Q

what are the names for where the ureters enter the bladder (2)

A

uertovesical junction or vesicoureteruc junction

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23
Q

what is the uretovesical junction not

A

true anatomical sphincter

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24
Q

feature of the uretovesical junction (2)

A

angled and surrounded by distensor muscle

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25
Q

the distensor muscle around the uretovesical junction does what

A

obstructs flow (particularly in voiding)

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26
Q

what is it called where the urethra begins

A

internal urethral orifice

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27
Q

what contributes to storage and continence during ejaculation (3)

A

bladder neck, urethra, internal urethral sphincter

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28
Q

what does continence prevent

A

retrograde movement of seminal fluid

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29
Q

what make up the upper urinary tract (2)

A

ureter and kidney

30
Q

what are the ureters close to

A

posterior abdominal wall

31
Q

where do the ureters cross the pelvic brim

A

near bifurcation of common iliac arteries

32
Q

where do ureters continue to the base of the bladder

A

lateral pelvic wall

33
Q

which part of the ureter is in the pelvis

A

distal

34
Q

is the ureter retroperitoneal in the pelvis

A

no

35
Q

what crosses the ureter in females (2)

A

uterine artery and uterus

36
Q

what crosses the ureter in males

A

vas deferens

37
Q

what are the consequences of different lengths of urethras

A

chance of infection

38
Q

which gender has a longer urethra

A

males

39
Q

what is the function of a male urethra (3)

A

urinary voiding, urinary continence, sexual function

40
Q

length of each region of male urethra longest to shortest (4)

A

spongy, prostatic, membranous and preprostatic

41
Q

role of pre prostatic and prostatic urethra (2)

A

urinary continence and retrograde ejaculation prevention

42
Q

what can impact on voiding function

A

prostatic growth eg. BPH

43
Q

BPH

A

benign prostate hypertrophy

44
Q

the nervous system coordinates which muscles in voiding and sexual function (2)

A

smooth and striated

45
Q

striated muscle example

A

external urethral sphincter/urethral rhabdosphincter

46
Q

order in which urine passes through the urethra males (4)

A

preprostatic, prostatic, membrranous, spongy

47
Q

what muscle makes up the internal urethral sphincter

A

smooth

48
Q

urine passes by the sphincters in which order

A

internal then external

49
Q

where is the internal urethral sphincter located

A

superior prostate

50
Q

where is the external urethral sphincter located

A

deep perineal pouch

51
Q

where is the bulbourethral gland located

A

posterior to the external urethral sphincter

52
Q

what is attached to the bulbourethral gland

A

bulbourethral duct

53
Q

what does the bulbourethral duct pass through

A

perineal membrane

54
Q

where is the penis flaccid

A

second bend

55
Q

what is the widening of the urethra at the end of the penis

A

navicular fossa

56
Q

what is the opening at the end of the penis

A

external urethral orifice

57
Q

what is much shorter in females

A

urethra

58
Q

are there regional changes in a female urethra

A

yes

59
Q

what is anterior to the female urethra

A

glans clitoris

60
Q

what is the opening to the urthra in females

A

external urethral orifice

61
Q

what is posterior to the urethra in females

A

paraurethral gland/skene’s gland

62
Q

what comes out from the skene’s gland

A

duct of skenes gland

63
Q

what is posterior to the vaginal opening

A

greater vestibular gland

64
Q

what are the main arteries stemming from the internal iliac artery (5)

A

superior vesical artery, inferior vesical artery/vaginal artery, internal and external pudendal arteries

65
Q

what supplies the distal ureter and the vas deferens

A

superior vesical artery

66
Q

what supplies the seminal vesicles, prostate and vagina

A

inferior vesical artery/vaginal artery

67
Q

what supplies the urethra and perineal structures (2)

A

internal and external pudendal artery

68
Q

other vasculature to pelvic viscera off the abominal aorta (2)

A

testicular artery and testicular vein

69
Q

other structures surrounding pelvic viscera (12)

A

ureter, psoas fascia, ductus deferens, peritoneum, pubic symphysis, rectum, prostate, rectovesical pouch, urinary bladder, medial umbiliccal fold, sacrum, pelvic splachnic nerves

70
Q

common iliac vesssels split into (4)

A

internal and external veins and arteries

71
Q

internal iliac artery branches (7)

A

superior vesical, artery to ductus deferens, umbilical, obturator, middle rectal, inferior vesical, inferior gluteal

72
Q

13

A

Viscera and Visceral (24 decks)

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