Pelvic Viscera Flashcards
Lower urinary tract (2)
urinary bladder and urethra
urinary bladder needs to be able to undergo
dynamic changes
muscle wall of urinary bladder
detrusor
urinary bladder is what to deal with dynamic changee
distensible
what changes in the urinary bladder with filling
shape
shape change in bladder
pyramidal/tetrahedral to rounded
urinary bladder in context (4)
urethra, neck of bladder, bladder, ureter
what does the ureter run between
bifurcation of common iliac artery
what does the common iliac artery split into
external iliac artery and internal iliac artery
features of the urinary bladder (11)
ureters, fundus, superior suface, infeolateral suface, neck, urethra, ureteic orrifice, median umbilical ligament, apex, trigone, body
what is the position of the fundus (2)
base posterior suface and opposite apex
what is the trigone a component of
bladder neck
what defines the trigone
ureter entry points
how is the trigone different to other bladder surfaces
smoother mucosal surface
what is the bladder neck
transition to urethra
what are the fibrous ligaments at the bladder neck (2)
pubovesical ligament and puboprostatic ligament
what can’t the fibrous ligaments of the bladder neck do
constrain distensible aspect
what can a distended bladder do to other organs
compress
what can put pressure on the bladder
pregnancy
what is posterior and inferior to the pubovesical ligament
vaginal opening in the deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane
the puboprostatic ligament has fibres to the
prostate
what are the names for where the ureters enter the bladder (2)
uertovesical junction or vesicoureteruc junction
what is the uretovesical junction not
true anatomical sphincter
feature of the uretovesical junction (2)
angled and surrounded by distensor muscle
the distensor muscle around the uretovesical junction does what
obstructs flow (particularly in voiding)
what is it called where the urethra begins
internal urethral orifice
what contributes to storage and continence during ejaculation (3)
bladder neck, urethra, internal urethral sphincter
what does continence prevent
retrograde movement of seminal fluid
what make up the upper urinary tract (2)
ureter and kidney
what are the ureters close to
posterior abdominal wall
where do the ureters cross the pelvic brim
near bifurcation of common iliac arteries
where do ureters continue to the base of the bladder
lateral pelvic wall
which part of the ureter is in the pelvis
distal
is the ureter retroperitoneal in the pelvis
no
what crosses the ureter in females (2)
uterine artery and uterus
what crosses the ureter in males
vas deferens
what are the consequences of different lengths of urethras
chance of infection
which gender has a longer urethra
males
what is the function of a male urethra (3)
urinary voiding, urinary continence, sexual function
length of each region of male urethra longest to shortest (4)
spongy, prostatic, membranous and preprostatic
role of pre prostatic and prostatic urethra (2)
urinary continence and retrograde ejaculation prevention
what can impact on voiding function
prostatic growth eg. BPH
BPH
benign prostate hypertrophy
the nervous system coordinates which muscles in voiding and sexual function (2)
smooth and striated
striated muscle example
external urethral sphincter/urethral rhabdosphincter
order in which urine passes through the urethra males (4)
preprostatic, prostatic, membrranous, spongy
what muscle makes up the internal urethral sphincter
smooth
urine passes by the sphincters in which order
internal then external
where is the internal urethral sphincter located
superior prostate
where is the external urethral sphincter located
deep perineal pouch
where is the bulbourethral gland located
posterior to the external urethral sphincter
what is attached to the bulbourethral gland
bulbourethral duct
what does the bulbourethral duct pass through
perineal membrane
where is the penis flaccid
second bend
what is the widening of the urethra at the end of the penis
navicular fossa
what is the opening at the end of the penis
external urethral orifice
what is much shorter in females
urethra
are there regional changes in a female urethra
yes
what is anterior to the female urethra
glans clitoris
what is the opening to the urthra in females
external urethral orifice
what is posterior to the urethra in females
paraurethral gland/skene’s gland
what comes out from the skene’s gland
duct of skenes gland
what is posterior to the vaginal opening
greater vestibular gland
what are the main arteries stemming from the internal iliac artery (5)
superior vesical artery, inferior vesical artery/vaginal artery, internal and external pudendal arteries
what supplies the distal ureter and the vas deferens
superior vesical artery
what supplies the seminal vesicles, prostate and vagina
inferior vesical artery/vaginal artery
what supplies the urethra and perineal structures (2)
internal and external pudendal artery
other vasculature to pelvic viscera off the abominal aorta (2)
testicular artery and testicular vein
other structures surrounding pelvic viscera (12)
ureter, psoas fascia, ductus deferens, peritoneum, pubic symphysis, rectum, prostate, rectovesical pouch, urinary bladder, medial umbiliccal fold, sacrum, pelvic splachnic nerves
common iliac vesssels split into (4)
internal and external veins and arteries
internal iliac artery branches (7)
superior vesical, artery to ductus deferens, umbilical, obturator, middle rectal, inferior vesical, inferior gluteal
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