Diaphragm and Breathing Flashcards
where does the diaphragm curve down
periphery
domes of the diaphragm
right and left
which diaphragm dome is higher
right
why is one dome higher
liver
tendon of diaphragm
central tendon
diaphragm attachments (5)
xiphoid process, central tendon, costal margin (R6-12, C6-10), lumbar vertebra right crus (L1-3/4), lumbar vertebra left crus (L1-2/3)
arcuate ligaments (3)
median, middle (psoas major), lateral (quadratus lumborum)
IVC pierces diaphragm at
T8
oesophagus pierces diaphragm at
T10
descending aorta pierces diaphragm at
T12
diaphragm sling around which opening
oesophagus
most anterior opening in diaphragm
IVC
most posterior opening in diaphragm
Descending aorta
diaphragm innervation (3)
left phrenic nerve, right phrenic nerve, sympathetic trunk
vein passing right of the descending aorta
azygous vein
vein passing left of the descending aorta
hemiazygous vein
what runs in parallel with the sympathetic trunk
splanchnic nerves
which nerve refers central diaphragm pain
phrenic
which dermatomes have referred central diaphragm pain
C3-C5
which nerves refer peripheral diaphragm pain
intercostal nerves
where is peripheral diaphragm pain referred to
thoracic walls
where does the phrenic nerve run
anterior to hilum
motor innervation of phrenic nerve
all of diaphragm
sensory innervation of phrenic nerve
central diaphragm and pericardium
sensory innervation of diaphragm peiphery
intercostal nerves
in which direction does air flow
high pressure to low pressure
when is there no movement of air into the lungs
when atmospheric pressure = lung pressure
when does air move into the lungs
when atmospheric pressure is greater than lung pressure
how do we breath
change the pressure gradient in the lungs
when is there no air movement
Patm = Plungs
inhalation
Patm>Plungs
expiration
Patm<Plungs
inhalation features (3)
increase volume, decrease pressure, air in
exhalation features (3)
decrease volume, increase pressure, air out
outer pleura
parietal
inner pleura
visceral
gap between lung pleura
pleural cavity
where does parietal pleura firmly attach (2)
thoracic cage and diaphragm
what makes visceral pleura move with parietal pleura
surface tension
what is the main determinant in quiet respiration
diaphragm
diaphragm in inspiration (2)
contracts and lungs expand
diaphragm in expiration (3)
relaxes, lungs collapse, lungs elasticity
what controls the diaphragms rhythmic contractions
respiratory centre of the brain stem
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