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Viscera and Visceral > Coronary circulation and conduction > Flashcards

Coronary circulation and conduction Flashcards

1
Q

what what can cause cells to beat out of sync

A

specialised cell death in SA and AV node

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2
Q

SA node

A

sinoatrial node

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3
Q

AV node

A

atrioventricular node

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4
Q

what can cause specialised cell death in SA and AV node

A

blocked coronary vessel supply

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5
Q

what happens if AV node is damaged (2)

A

heart block, SA activity can’t reach ventricles

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6
Q

what can be used to directly electrically stimulate ventricular cardiomyocytes

A

pacemaker

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7
Q

pacemaker elements (3)

A

pacemaker pulse generator, lead in right atrium, lead in right ventricle

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8
Q

what branch runs down into the left ventricle for contraction

A

left bundle branch

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9
Q

conduction system elements (7)

A

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, left bundle branch, right bundle branch, septomarginal trabecula, purkinje fibres, papillary muscles

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10
Q

papillary muscle names (5)

A

anterolateral, posteromedial, anterior, posterior, septal

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11
Q

papillary muscle attached to the septomarginal trabecula

A

anterior

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12
Q

what is the SA node

A

intrinsic pacemaker

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13
Q

intrinsic heart rate approximately

A

70 bpm

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14
Q

another name for the bundle of His

A

atrioventricular bundle

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15
Q

AV node feature

A

can beat by itself

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16
Q

another name for septomarginal trabecula

A

moderator band

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17
Q

where does the coronary sinus enter into

A

right atrium

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18
Q

where is the SA node loacated

A

top of crista terminalis

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19
Q

ridge in right atrium between smooth and pectinate

A

crista terminalis

20
Q

where does blood enter the coronary arteries

21
Q

cardiac veins (7)

A

oblique vein of left atrium, great cardiac vein, left marginal vein, left posterior ventricular vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, coronary sinus, opening to right atrium

22
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery byass graft

23
Q

vessels harvested for CABG

A

radial artery, internal mammary artery, saphenous vein

24
Q

LIMA

A

left internal mammary artery

25
Q

another name for internal mammary artery

A

internal thoracic artery

26
Q

what is CABG used for

A

bypass blockages

27
Q

balloon tipped insertion into coronary artery

A

angioplasty

28
Q

angioplasty with stent

29
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

30
Q

what is used to sight coronary vessel blockages

A

angiography

31
Q

what is used for contrast in angiography

32
Q

where is the catheter inserted for PCI

A

femoral artery

33
Q

where does the catheter run for PCI (8)

A

femoral artery , common iliac artery, abdominal aorta, thoracic aorta, descending aorta, aortic arch, ascending aorta, coronary arteries

34
Q

what causes coronary artery disease

A

blockages in coronary arteries

35
Q

coronary artery disease prevents

A

oxygen reaching cardiac muscle

36
Q

what results in cardiac muscle ischaemia (3)

A

necrosis, pain, blood pumping insufficiency

37
Q

where are the coronary artery anstomoses (2)

A

right coronary artery and circumflex branch, left anterior descending artery and posterior descending artery

38
Q

what type of arteries are coronary arteries

A

functional end arteries

39
Q

anastomoses are only effective when

A

slow occlusions

40
Q

what would a sudden occlusion cause

A

myocardial infarction

41
Q

coronary arteries (9)

A

sinoatrial nodal branch, right coronary artery, atrioventricular nodal branch, posterior descending artery, right margical artery, left coronary artery, circumflex branch, left anterior descending artery, left marginal branch

42
Q

coronary arteries start where

A

ascending aorta

43
Q

where does the SA nodal branch come from

A

right coronary artery

44
Q

where does the AV nodal branch typically come from

A

right coronary artery superior to posterior desceending artery

45
Q

what happens if the right coronary artery is dominant (2)

A

crosses interventricular septum and gives off posterior descending artery

Viscera and Visceral (24 decks)

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