clinical research Flashcards
GI structures (8)
oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon
primary germ layers (3)
endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
endoderm becomes (2)
epithelium and associated glands
mesoderm becomes (4)
mesentery, connective tissue, smooth muscle, blood vessels
another name for mesoderm cells
splanchnic
ectoderm becomes
enteric nervous system
another name for ectoderm cells
neural crest cells
GI tract layers (5)
submucosa, submucosal plexus, circular muscle, myenteric plexus, longitudinal muscle
mouth salivary enzymes function (2)
carbohydrate breakdown and start digestion
salivary glands role (3)
moisten food, lubricate food, commence digestion
salivary enzyme
amylase
pharynx role (2)
food to stomach and prervent choking
oeophagus role
food to stomach from mouth
stomach secretes (2)
gastric juices and hydrochloric acid
stomach role (4)
digest food, kill pathogens, store food, churn food
stomach enzyme to break down protein
pepsin
largest organ in the body
liver
liver role (7)
produce bile, food into energy, clear alcohol, clear some medicines, clear poison from blood, store vitamin and iron, destroy old blood cells
bile (2)
breaksdown fat and removes waste from body
gallbladder role
bile storage
gallbladder secretes bile into
small intestine
where can stones form
gallbladder
pancreas role (3)
digestive enzyme production, bicarbonate production to neutralise stomach acid, insulin production
what does nuerourology study
dysregulation and injury/degenerration
what can dysregulate the urinary system (7)
overactive, underactive bladder, chronic inflammation, urinary incontinence, retention, visceral and pelvic pain, ageing
what can cause urinary injury and degeneration (7)
pelvic surrgery, spinal cord injuries/neurogenic bladder, diabetic neuropathy, stoke, MS, parkinsons, alzeihmers
sub topics of neurourology (5)
neural origin, neural contributors, symptoms, progression, solutions
teams that works with neurourology (6)
urology, gynecology, neurology, immunology, neurobiology, engineering
scope of challenge (4)
brain, spinal cord, sensory and autonomic ganglia, nerve genitourinary organ interface
what types of disease has vagal neuromodulation been used for (6)
cardiac, immune, metabolic, CNS, GI, respiratory
immune diseases using vagal neuromodulation (2)
Crohn’s and RA
metabolic diseases using vagal neuromodulation (2)
obesity and T2D
CNS diseases using vagal neuromodulation (3)
epilepsy, depression, migraines
SPARC
stimulating peripheral activity to relieve conditions
what does SPARC use (5)
neural maps, computational models, electrode design, stimulation protocols, surgical methods
what does the pelvic nerve supply (2)
majority of lower urinary tract and multiple organs
LUT
lower urinary tract
pelvic nerve human analogue
pelvic splanchnic nerve
pelvic nerve speecifically supplies (4)
bladder contractions, urethra relaxation, mechanosensors, nociceptors
what does multi scale mapping do (4)
cell to organ structure and function, comparing biological life cycles, cross species harmonisation, micro to macro
underlying reference map contextualising new samples
common coordinate framework
complete map of neural connections
connectome
