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HEMATOLOGY 2 > Platelet > Flashcards

Platelet Flashcards

1
Q

Aka Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

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2
Q

Arise from bone marrow cell called

A

Megakaryocytes

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3
Q

Important in both primary and secondary hemostasis

A

Platelets

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4
Q

Described as cells with granular cytoplasm but no nuclear material

A

Platelets

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5
Q

Platelet life span

A

9.0 days + 1 day (8-10 days)

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6
Q

Thrombocytes enter the spleen initially, remain for two days, after this period, either ___ or ____ are thrombocytes found

A

Circulating blood, or active splenic pool

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7
Q

Approx. 2/3 of platelets are in

A

Systemic circulation

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8
Q

1/3 of platelets are in

A

Spleen

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9
Q

Platelet diameter in PBS

A

2.5 µm (2 to 4 µm)

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10
Q

Platelet functions

A

Form plug to stop blood loss, Participate in coagulation, Preserve endothelial lining

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11
Q

Platelet on Wright stain, spread on RBC monolayer amount

A

(7-21 per 100x field)

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12
Q

Newly released platelets with RNA, larger than usual

A

Reticulated platelets aka stress platelets

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13
Q

Diameter of reticulated platelets

A

Exceeds 6 µm (MPV 12-14 fL)

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14
Q

Clinical use of reticulated platelets

A

Differentiate bone marrow failure from peripheral destruction, early predictor of recovery after chemotherapy

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15
Q

Potentially prothrombotic, may increase cardiovascular disease risk

A

Reticulated platelets

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16
Q

Size of normal platelets

A

2.5 µm (average)

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17
Q

MPV (mean platelet volume ref range)

A

6.8 to 10.2 fL

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18
Q

EDTA effect on platelet volume

A

Causes 20% increase in MPV within the first hour

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19
Q

MPV measurement timing

A

Should be based on EDTA specimens 1 to 4 hours old

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20
Q

MPV result issue if examined immediately

A

Falsely increased

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21
Q

Small platelets associated with

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (X-linked recessive), TORCH infections

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22
Q

TORCH infections

A

Toxoplasma, Other agents, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpesvirus

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23
Q

Large/Giant platelets associated with

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome, GPS, MYH9 gene mutations

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24
Q

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome and Gray Platelet Syndrome (GPS) inheritance

A

Autosomal recessive

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25
Q

MYH9 gene mutations examples

A

Fechtner syndrome, Sebastian syndrome, Epstein syndrome, May-Hegglin Anomaly

26
Q

May-Hegglin Anomaly features

A

Leukopenia, variable thrombocytopenia, giant platelets, Dohle body-like inclusions

27
Q

Shape of resting and circulating platelets

A

Biconvex or disk shaped

28
Q

Shape of activated platelets

A

Spherical with pseudopods

29
Q

Cytoplasm of platelets (Wright-stained PBS)

A

Lavender and granular

30
Q

Two general parts of platelets

A

Chromomere/granulomere (centrally granular), Hyalomere (peripherally non-granular)

31
Q

Process by which megakaryocytes develop

A

Megakaryocytopoiesis (megakaryopoiesis)

32
Q

Major regulator of platelet production, produced primarily by the liver

A

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

33
Q

Alternate name for thrombopoietin

A

MGDF (megakaryocyte growth and development factor)

34
Q

TPO molecular weight

A

70,000 Dalton

35
Q

TPO homology with erythropoietin (EPO)

A

23% homology

36
Q

TPO receptor site

A

MPL receptor, present at all maturation stages (BFU-Meg to platelets)

37
Q

TPO concentration and platelet mass relationship

A

Inversely proportional; membrane binding and removal by platelets control platelet count

38
Q

Some functions of TPO

A

Stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis, induces proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes, induces thrombocytopoiesis

39
Q

Largest cells in the bone marrow, multilobulated nucleus, abundant granular cytoplasm

A

Megakaryocyte; size 30-160 µm

40
Q

Percentage of megakaryocytes of all bone marrow cells

A

<0.5%

41
Q

Megakaryocytes per 10x low-power field

A

36926

42
Q

3 megakaryocyte lineage-committed progenitor stages

A

BFU-Meg, CFU-Meg, LD-CFU-Meg

43
Q

Least mature megakaryocyte progenitor, participates in normal mitosis

A

BFU-Meg

44
Q

Participates in normal mitosis

A

CFU-Meg

45
Q

Most mature megakaryocyte progenitor, loses capacity to divide, performs endomitosis

A

LD-CFU-Meg

46
Q

Endomitosis

A

Nuclear division without cytoplasm division

47
Q

Terminal megakaryocyte differentiation stages are recognized in

A

Wright-stained morphology in bone marrow or H and E in bone marrow biopsy section

48
Q

Least differentiated, indistinguishable from myeloblasts, develops cytoplasmic ultrastructure (α-granules, dense granules, DMS)

A

MK-I stage

49
Q

Identified by nuclear lobularity

A

MK-II stage

50
Q

Most abundant, 10X magnification (30-160 µm), platelet shedding (thrombopoiesis)

A

MK-III stage

51
Q

MK-III shedding platelet amount

A

Sheds 2000-4000 platelets

52
Q

MK-I stage nucleus shape

A

Round

53
Q

MK-II stage nucleus shape

A

Indented

54
Q

MK-III stage nucleus shape

A

Multilobed

55
Q

MK-I NC ratio

A

3:1

56
Q

MK-II NC ratio

A

1:2

57
Q

MK-III NC ratio

A

1:4

58
Q

Endomitosis in MK-I

A

Present

59
Q

Endomitosis in MK-II

A

Ends

60
Q

Endomitosis in MK-III

A

Absent

61
Q

Demarcation system in MK-I, II, III

A

Present

62
Q

Demarcation system function

A

Delineates individual platelets during thrombopoiesis

HEMATOLOGY 2 (15 decks)

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