GROUP OF CLOTTING FACTORS

Question 1

Intrinsic coagulation factors

Answer 1

XII, XI, IX, VIII

Question 2

Extrinsic coagulation factors

Answer 2

III, VII

Question 3

Common coagulation pathway factors

Answer 3

I, II, V, X

Question 4

Coagulation factors in the Fibrinogen group

Answer 4

I, V, VIII, XIII

Question 5

Coagulation factors in the Prothrombin group

Answer 5

II, VII, IX, X

Question 6

Coagulation factors in the Contact group

Answer 6

XII, XI, PK, HMWK

Question 7

Group including thrombin-sensitive factors absent in serum, calcium-dependent, and vitamin K-independent

Answer 7

I, V, VIII, XIII (Fibrinogen Group)

Question 8

Conditions increasing Fibrinogen group factors (I, V, VIII, XIII)

Answer 8

Pregnancy, Inflammation, Stress, Oral contraceptives (PISO)

Question 9

Properties of the Prothrombin group (II, VII, IX, X)

Answer 9

Present in aged serum except Factor II; Vitamin K-dependent; Calcium-dependent; Adsorbed using barium sulfate or alum hydroxide

Question 10

Properties of the Contact group (XII, XI, PK, HMWK)

Answer 10

Vitamin K-independent; Calcium-independent

Question 11

PIVKA definition and role in coagulation

Answer 11

Proteins induced by vitamin K absence; Synthesized in the liver; Ineffective in coagulation; Do not participate in the coagulation process

Question 12

Primary trigger for the extrinsic pathway

Answer 12

Tissue factor (TF) release from vascular injury

Question 13

Primary trigger for the intrinsic pathway

Answer 13

Contact activation (exposure to negatively charged surfaces)

Question 14

Factor that initiates the extrinsic pathway

Answer 14

VII

Question 15

Factor that initiates the intrinsic pathway

Answer 15

XII

Question 16

Role of TF-VIIa complex in coagulation

Answer 16

Activates Factor IX and Factor X

Question 17

Amplification step in the intrinsic pathway

Answer 17

VIIIa enhances activation of Factor X

Question 18

Calcium (Ca²⁺) dependency in coagulation

Answer 18

Required for activation of multiple steps in all pathways

Question 19

Prothrombin activation to thrombin

Answer 19

Xa-Va complex (prothrombinase) converts prothrombin to thrombin

Question 20

Thrombin’s role in fibrin formation

Answer 20

Converts fibrinogen to soluble fibrin

Question 21

Stabilization of fibrin clot

Answer 21

Factor XIIIa cross-links fibrin to form crosslinked fibrin

Question 22

Common pathway factors

Answer 22

X, V, II (Prothrombin), I (Fibrinogen)

Question 23

Intrinsic pathway sequence

Answer 23

XII → XI → IX → VIII → X

Question 24

Extrinsic pathway sequence

Answer 24

TF → VII → X

Question 25

Function of Factor V and VIII in coagulation

Answer 25

Cofactors that enhance activation of downstream factors

Question 26

Tests used to evaluate extrinsic and intrinsic pathways

Answer 26

PT for extrinsic, aPTT for intrinsic

Question 27

Final product of the coagulation cascade

Answer 27

Crosslinked fibrin clot

Question 28

Factors activated by thrombin

Answer 28

1, 5, 8, 13

Question 29

Components of the tenase complex

Answer 29

9a, platelet factor-3 (PF-3), Calcium, 8a

Question 30

Components of the prothrombinase complex

Answer 30

10a, PF-3, Calcium, 5a

Question 31

Phases of coagulation where calcium is involved

Answer 31

All phases except the contact phase

Question 32

Solubility of stabilized fibrin clot to 5M Urea

Answer 32

Not soluble

Question 33

Two cell types required for normal physiologic coagulation

Answer 33

Tissue factor-bearing cells (extravascular) and platelets (intravascular)

Question 34

Phase of in vivo coagulation occurring on tissue factor-bearing cells

Answer 34

Initiation phase

Question 35

Percentage of total thrombin generated during the initiation phase

Answer 35

3% to 5%

Question 36

Phase of in vivo coagulation occurring on platelets

Answer 36

Propagation phase

Question 37

Percentage of total thrombin generated during the propagation phase

Answer 37

> 95%

Question 38

Primary function of TF:VIIa complex in vivo

Answer 38

Activates Factors IX and X

Question 39

Factors activated by thrombin during initiation phase

Answer 39

V, VIII, XI, and platelets

Question 40

Key complexes formed on activated platelets during propagation phase

Answer 40

IXa:VIIIa and Xa:Va

Question 41

Outcome of the thrombin burst in the propagation phase

Answer 41

Cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin