Plants gg Flashcards
Name the two main transport systems in plants.
Xylem and Phloem
What does the Xylem transport?
Water and Minerals
What does the Phloem transport?
Food molecules
Where does the Xylem carry its contents?
The xylem carries water and mineral salts from the roots up the shoots, to the leaves.
Where does the Phloem carry its contents?
From the leaves, (where they are made), to the rest of the plant.
Which transport system carries stuff in the transpiration stream?
Xylem
Which transport system carries out what is known as translocation?
Phloem
What is carried by the phloem?
Sugars; such as sucrose, and amino acids.
What is Magnesium used for in plants?
Chlophyll
Suggest what happens to plants deprived of magnesium.
The have yellow leaves as they have no chlorophyll, which would die the leaf green.
What are the 3 main mineral ions for plant growth?
Nitrates
Phosphates
Potassium
What is Potassium used for in plants?
Aids enzymes needed for photosynthesis and respiration.
What are Nitrates used for in plants?
Contain Nitrogen for making amino acids / proteins, which are required for cell growth.
What are Phosphates used for in plants?
Contain Phosphorus which is used for making DNA and Cell Membranes and are required for respiration / growth.
Water is lost through the stoma, which cells control stomatal opening?
Guard cells
Leaves are adapted in many ways, they are broad.
Why is this a useful adaptation?
It allows for greater sunlight intake due to greater SA.
Which cell is present in the lower epidermis?
Guard Cells (& Stoma)
What is the name given to the outer surface of a leaf?
Waxy cuticle
Where is the vascular bundle?
Spongy mesophyll layer
What organelle is present in the palisade mesophyll layer?
Chlorplasts
How is the upper epidermis adapted?
It is transparent to allow light to reach the chloroplasts in the palisade mesophyll layer
What is the specialist function of the waxy cuticle?
Prevents loss of water through evaporation.
What is contained within the vascular bundle?
Xylem and Phloem
In unicellular organisms, why is the diffusion rate quick?
Substances can diffuse directly in and out of the cell across the membrane, the distance of diffusion is very short.
