Enzymes / Digestion

Question 1

Define an enzyme:

Answer 1

A substance which speeds up the rate of reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction.

Question 2

What macro-nutrient are enzymes made up of?

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

Where on an enzyme does the substrate fit in?

Answer 3

The active site

Question 4

What model can be used to replicate an enzymic reaction?

Answer 4

Lock and Key model

Question 5

What does Amylase convert?

Answer 5

Starch into Maltose.

Question 6

What does Maltase convert?

Answer 6

Maltose into Glucose.

Question 7

What does Protease convert?

Answer 7

Proteins into Amino Acids

Question 8

What does Lipase convert?

Answer 8

Lipids into Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 9

Put simply, what are digestive enzymes function?

Answer 9

They break large, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble ones.

Question 10

How is Starch digested into Glucose?

Answer 10

Amylase converts; Starch -> Maltose.

Then Maltase converts; Maltose -> Glucose.

Question 11

Where is bile produced and stored?

Answer 11

Produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

Question 12

Is bile an Acid or Alkaline?

Answer 12

Alkaline - It neutralises the HCl’s low pH.

Question 13

What are the functions of bile?

Answer 13

Neutralise the pH - (actually make it Alkaline).
Emulsify fats - break them down into small globules (that have a larger surface area of fat for the enzyme lipase to work on.)

Question 14

What process moves food through the gut?

Answer 14

Peristalsis

Question 15

How does peristalsis work?

Answer 15

The muscular tissue in the alimentary canal compresses behind the food balls (Bolus), pushing them through.

Question 16

What is the name for food balls that are moved through the alimentary canal is peristalsis?

Answer 16

Bolus

Question 17

Which muscle is responsible for the contractions that squeeze food in the gut during peristalsis?

Answer 17

Circular muscles

Question 18

Which (digestive) enzyme is produced in the saliva?

Answer 18

Amylase

Question 19

Function of the mouth in the alimentary canal?

Answer 19

Teeth manually break down food.

Salivary glands produce saliva (containing amylase)

Question 20

The amylase enzyme is present in the saliva of humans, what does this mean?

Answer 20

That starch is broken down into maltose before passing down the canal further.

Question 21

Function of the gall bladder in the alimentary canal?

Answer 21

Stores bile

Question 22

Function of the liver in the alimentary canal?

Answer 22

Produces bile

Question 23

Function of the pancreas in the alimentary canal?

Answer 23

Produces digestive enzymes;

• protease
• amylase
• lipase

Question 24

Where does pancreas release its digestive enzymes?

Answer 24

Small intestine

Question 25

Function of the Oesophagus in the alimentary canal?

Answer 25

Muscular tube that connects food from the mouth to stomach.

Question 26

Function of the stomach in the alimentary canal?

Answer 26

Pummels food with muscular walls. Produces protease enzyme, pepsin. Produces HCl

Question 27

What is the function of HCl?

Answer 27

Kills bacteria | Optimum pH for pepsin to work (pH 2)

Question 28

Function of the colon (large intestine) in the alimentary canal?

Answer 28

Absorption of excess water form foods

Question 29

Function of the rectum (large intestine) in the alimentary canal?

Answer 29

Faeces is stored here

Question 30

Function of the anus (large intestine) in the alimentary canal?

Answer 30

Where faeces leaves the body

Question 31

Function of the duodenum (small intestine) in the alimentary canal?

Answer 31

Where food is mixed with digestive enzymes and bile

Question 32

Function of the ilium (small intestine) in the alimentary canal?

Answer 32

Where digested foods nutrients are absorbed into the blood