Enzymes / Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Define an enzyme:

A

A substance which speeds up the rate of reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction.

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2
Q

What macro-nutrient are enzymes made up of?

A

Proteins

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3
Q

Where on an enzyme does the substrate fit in?

A

The active site

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4
Q

What model can be used to replicate an enzymic reaction?

A

Lock and Key model

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5
Q

What does Amylase convert?

A

Starch into Maltose.

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6
Q

What does Maltase convert?

A

Maltose into Glucose.

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7
Q

What does Protease convert?

A

Proteins into Amino Acids

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8
Q

What does Lipase convert?

A

Lipids into Glycerol and fatty acids

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9
Q

Put simply, what are digestive enzymes function?

A

They break large, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble ones.

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10
Q

How is Starch digested into Glucose?

A

Amylase converts; Starch -> Maltose.

Then Maltase converts; Maltose -> Glucose.

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11
Q

Where is bile produced and stored?

A

Produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

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12
Q

Is bile an Acid or Alkaline?

A

Alkaline - It neutralises the HCl’s low pH.

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13
Q

What are the functions of bile?

A

Neutralise the pH - (actually make it Alkaline).
Emulsify fats - break them down into small globules (that have a larger surface area of fat for the enzyme lipase to work on.)

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14
Q

What process moves food through the gut?

A

Peristalsis

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15
Q

How does peristalsis work?

A

The muscular tissue in the alimentary canal compresses behind the food balls (Bolus), pushing them through.

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16
Q

What is the name for food balls that are moved through the alimentary canal is peristalsis?

A

Bolus

17
Q

Which muscle is responsible for the contractions that squeeze food in the gut during peristalsis?

A

Circular muscles

18
Q

Which (digestive) enzyme is produced in the saliva?

A

Amylase

19
Q

Function of the mouth in the alimentary canal?

A

Teeth manually break down food.

Salivary glands produce saliva (containing amylase)

20
Q

The amylase enzyme is present in the saliva of humans, what does this mean?

A

That starch is broken down into maltose before passing down the canal further.

21
Q

Function of the gall bladder in the alimentary canal?

A

Stores bile

22
Q

Function of the liver in the alimentary canal?

A

Produces bile

23
Q

Function of the pancreas in the alimentary canal?

A

Produces digestive enzymes;

  • protease
  • amylase
  • lipase
24
Q

Where does pancreas release its digestive enzymes?

A

Small intestine

25
Q

Function of the Oesophagus in the alimentary canal?

A

Muscular tube that connects food from the mouth to stomach.

26
Q

Function of the stomach in the alimentary canal?

A

Pummels food with muscular walls.
Produces protease enzyme, pepsin.
Produces HCl

27
Q

What is the function of HCl?

A

Kills bacteria

Optimum pH for pepsin to work (pH 2)

28
Q

Function of the colon (large intestine) in the alimentary canal?

A

Absorption of excess water form foods

29
Q

Function of the rectum (large intestine) in the alimentary canal?

A

Faeces is stored here

30
Q

Function of the anus (large intestine) in the alimentary canal?

A

Where faeces leaves the body

31
Q

Function of the duodenum (small intestine) in the alimentary canal?

A

Where food is mixed with digestive enzymes and bile

32
Q

Function of the ilium (small intestine) in the alimentary canal?

A

Where digested foods nutrients are absorbed into the blood