CH1 -The nature and variety of organisms

Question 1

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

A complex cell such as animal or plant cell.

Question 2

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

A smaller more simple cell such as Bacteria.

Question 3

What are Organelles?

Answer 3

Tiny structures within cells, only seen with a powerful microscope.

Question 4

What are ribosomes

Answer 4

Small organelles where proteins are made in the cell

Question 5

What is a vacuole?

Answer 5

A large organelle containing cell sap (a weak solution of sugars and salts) which helps support the plant cell.

Question 6

What is the cell wall made form?

Answer 6

Cellulose

Question 7

Where is chlorophyll located?

Answer 7

In the Chloroplasts.

Question 8

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 8

A small organelle where most reaction for aerobic respiration happen

Question 9

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 9

A gel-like substance where most of the cell’s chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these reactions.

Question 10

Give an example of a pathogen from these kingdoms:

• Protoctist
• Bacteria
• Virus

Answer 10

• Protoctist = Plasmodium
• Bacteria = Pneumccoccus
• Virus = Influenza

Question 11

How do Plants, Animal and Fungi store carbohydrates

Answer 11

Plants = Sucrose or Starch
Animals =  Glycogen 
Fungi = Glycogen

Question 12

Of the 5 kingdoms of life, which are Multi-cellular

Answer 12

Plants and Animals

Question 13

Of the 5 kingdoms of life, which are Single-Celled

Answer 13

Fungi, Protoctista and Bacteria

Question 14

Define a pathogen

Answer 14

An organism which causes disease.

Question 15

Of the 5 kingdoms of life, which have chloroplasts

Answer 15

Plants and Protoctists (Some bacteria’s are capable)

Question 16

How do Fungi get their nutrients

Answer 16

Saprotrophic Nutrition - they excrete extracellular enzymes into the area outside their body to dissolve food, so they can absorb the nutrients.

Question 17

What is parasite?

Answer 17

An organism which depends on another organism to grow and reproduce.

Question 18

Is a virus a parasite

Answer 18

Yes - a virus can only reproduce inside living cells

Question 19

Which types of organism can be infected by viruses?

Answer 19

all of them

Question 20

Define a Catalyst:

Answer 20

A substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being used up or changed in the reaction.

Question 21

What are enzymes made up from?

Answer 21

Chains of amino acids - They are proteins

Question 22

Define Diffusion:

Answer 22

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 23

Define Osmosis:

Answer 23

The net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.

Question 24

Why is diffusion a passive process?

Answer 24

It doesn’t require energy

Question 25

How do cell membranes control what goes in and out of the cell?

Answer 25

The gaps in the cell membrane are large enough to allow smaller molecules such as glucose out but keep larger protein molecules in.

Question 26

Phenolphthalein is a pH indicator

What colour does it go in an alkaline and an acid solution?

Answer 26

Alkaline = Pink
Acid = Colourless

Question 27

Define Active Transport:

Answer 27

The movement of particles against a concentration gradient (from low conc to high conc) using energy released in respiration.

Question 28

Is active transport a passive process?

Answer 28

No, it requires energy from respiration

Question 29

What four factors affect Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport

Answer 29

• SA:V ratio
• Distance
• Temperature
• Concentration gradient

Question 30

What are the characteristics of all living organisms?

Answer 30

M ovement
R eproduction
S ensitivity
H omeostasis
N utrition
E xcretion
R espiration
G rowth