CH1 -The nature and variety of organisms Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A complex cell such as animal or plant cell.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A smaller more simple cell such as Bacteria.
What are Organelles?
Tiny structures within cells, only seen with a powerful microscope.
What are ribosomes
Small organelles where proteins are made in the cell
What is a vacuole?
A large organelle containing cell sap (a weak solution of sugars and salts) which helps support the plant cell.
What is the cell wall made form?
Cellulose
Where is chlorophyll located?
In the Chloroplasts.
What is the function of mitochondria?
A small organelle where most reaction for aerobic respiration happen
What is the cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance where most of the cell’s chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these reactions.
Give an example of a pathogen from these kingdoms:
- Protoctist
- Bacteria
- Virus
- Protoctist = Plasmodium
- Bacteria = Pneumccoccus
- Virus = Influenza
How do Plants, Animal and Fungi store carbohydrates
Plants = Sucrose or Starch Animals = Glycogen Fungi = Glycogen
Of the 5 kingdoms of life, which are Multi-cellular
Plants and Animals
Of the 5 kingdoms of life, which are Single-Celled
Fungi, Protoctista and Bacteria
Define a pathogen
An organism which causes disease.
Of the 5 kingdoms of life, which have chloroplasts
Plants and Protoctists (Some bacteria’s are capable)
How do Fungi get their nutrients
Saprotrophic Nutrition - they excrete extracellular enzymes into the area outside their body to dissolve food, so they can absorb the nutrients.
What is parasite?
An organism which depends on another organism to grow and reproduce.
Is a virus a parasite
Yes - a virus can only reproduce inside living cells
Which types of organism can be infected by viruses?
all of them
Define a Catalyst:
A substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being used up or changed in the reaction.
What are enzymes made up from?
Chains of amino acids - They are proteins
Define Diffusion:
The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Define Osmosis:
The net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
Why is diffusion a passive process?
It doesn’t require energy
How do cell membranes control what goes in and out of the cell?
The gaps in the cell membrane are large enough to allow smaller molecules such as glucose out but keep larger protein molecules in.
Phenolphthalein is a pH indicator
What colour does it go in an alkaline and an acid solution?
Alkaline = Pink Acid = Colourless
Define Active Transport:
The movement of particles against a concentration gradient (from low conc to high conc) using energy released in respiration.
Is active transport a passive process?
No, it requires energy from respiration
What four factors affect Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport
- SA:V ratio
- Distance
- Temperature
- Concentration gradient
What are the characteristics of all living organisms?
M ovement R eproduction S ensitivity H omeostasis N utrition E xcretion R espiration G rowth
