Plant Unit Review Flashcards
Name four characteristics of ALL plants.
Multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic, and immobile
What is the age of the oldest plant fossils?
450 million years old
What is the dominant generation in bryophytes?
Gametophytes
What is the dominant generation for vascular plants?
Sporophyte
How many cotyledons do monocots have?
1
How many cotyledons do dicots have?
2
What are the leaf veins like in monocots?
Parallel
What are the leaf veins like in dicots?
Net
What are the stems like in monocots?
Vascular bundles scattered
What are the stems like in dicots?
Vascular bundles in a ring
What are roots in monocots?
Fibrous
What are the roots in dicots?
Taproot
What are the flowers in multiples of in monocots?
Multiples of 3
What are the flowers in multiples of in dicots?
Multiples of 4 or 5
What are nonvascular plants?
Plants without vascular tissues
Examples of nonvascular plants.
Aka bryophytes
Ex. Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
What are seedless vascular plants?
Plants with seeds but no vascular tissues
Ex. Of seedless vascular plants.
Ferns, horsetails, club mosses
Seed plant whose seeds aren’t enclosed in fruit
Gymnosperms
Aka conifers, evergreens
Gymnosperms
Ex. Of gymnosperms
Pines, spruces, firs, redwoods
Seed plant that has seeds enclosed in some type of fruit
Angiosperm
Aka flowering plants
Angiosperms
Ex. Of angiosperms
Roses, sunflowers, fruit plants
From what type of angiosperm do we get most grains?
Monocots
What are the major types of seed dispersal mechanisms?
Wind-maple samaras, dandelion fur
Hitchhikers- sweet gum balls, burrs
What do seedless vascular plants produce?
Spores
Compare and contrast angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Similar- both sporophyte dominant generation/ both reproduce with seeds
Different- angiosperms have 225,000 species and gymnosperms have 600 species/ angiosperms have flowers while gymnosperms have cones
What are the two vascular tissues?
Xylem and phloem
Transports water and nutrients UP from the roots to the rest if the plant
Xylem tissue
Transports sugars from photosynthesis DOWN from leaves to rest of the plant
Phloem
What is the function of roots?
Anchor plant and absorb water/nutrients
What is the function of stems?
Support upright growth and connects roots and leaves
What is the function of leaves?
Primary photosynthesis organ if vascular plants
What is the main function of root hairs?
Increase surface area for water and mineral absorption
How does fertilization occur in the flower of an angiosperm?
Pollen sticks to the stigma, travels down the shoe to the ovary where the ovules are fertilized (pollinated). The ovules will then develop into embryos within seeds.
What do gametophyte plants produce?
Gametes
What do sporophyte plants produce?
Spores
What do plants take in and release?
In- carbon dioxide
Out- oxygen
What is the study of plants?
Botany
What are the parts of the stamen?
Anther and filament
What are the parts of the pistil/carpal?
Stigma, style, ovary, and ovules in the ovary
What is the stimulus of phototropism?
Light
What is the stimulus of thigmotropism?
Touch/direct contact
What is the stimulus of gravitropism?
Force of gravity(like roots)
What is the name given to the life cycle of plants?
Alteration of generation
Haploid or diploid- gametes
Haploid
Haploid or diploid- zygote
Diploid
Haploid or diploid- spores
Diploid
Haploid or diploid- sporophyte
Diploid
Haploid or diploid- gametophyte
Haploid
What specific type of plant like protist is thought to be the ancestors of plants?
Green algae
