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Biology > Ch. 20- Plant Diversity > Flashcards

Ch. 20- Plant Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are characteristics of plants and charophyceae (algae)?

A

Multicellular body which led to cell specialization
Method of cell division that makes cells with small channels in their walls allowing cells to chemically communicate with each other
Reproduction involving sperm traveling to fertilize the eggs

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2
Q

A waxy, waterproof layer that helps hold in moisture

A

Cuticle

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3
Q

Tiny holes in the cuticle that close to prevent water loss and open to allow air to move in and out

A

Stomata

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4
Q

A collection of specialized tissues that bring water and mineral nutrients up from the roots and disperse sugars down from the leaves

A

Vascular system

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5
Q

What allows plants to grow higher off the ground?

A

Vascular system

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6
Q

What limits how tall a plant can be?

A

The ability of it to support its own weight and the amount of space it has for vascular tissue

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7
Q

A material that hardens the cell walls of some vascular tissues and gives support so the stems of plants are stiff and can retain their upright structure as they grow toward the sun

A

Lignin

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8
Q

Where are all eggs fertilized in plants?

A

Within the parent plant’s tissue

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9
Q

2 celled structure containing a cell that divides to form sperm and can be carried by wind, animals, or female reproductive structures)

A

Pollen grain

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10
Q

Storage device for a plant embryo with a hard coat to protect the embryo from drying wind and sunlight.

A

Seed

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11
Q

Describe liverworts.

A

Live in damp environments and gets moisture so directly from the soil surface

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of liverworts?

A

Leafy and thallose

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13
Q

Look like lobes of liver flat in the ground and the eggs are produced on umbrella like structures

A

Thallose liverworts

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14
Q

More common, have stemlike and leaflike structures, and the leaflike structures are often arranged in 3 rows

A

Leafy liverworts

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15
Q

What is a widespread group of plants found in tropical forests and along streams?

A

Hornworts

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16
Q

What look like liverworts?

A

Hornworts

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17
Q

Most common nonvascular plant

A

Moss

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18
Q

How do mosses anchor themselves ?

A

With rhizoids

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19
Q

What are among the first to colonize bare land and begin the soil making process in early primary succession?

A

Mosses

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20
Q

What are not true mosses but belong to the oldest living group of vascular plants?

A

Club mosses

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21
Q

What can be grouped in 1 phylum?

A

Whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns

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22
Q

Grow mostly in sub tropics, lack true roots and leaves, and are closely related to ferns

A

Whisk ferns

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23
Q

Grow in wetlands and along rivers and streams,maven tan scale like leaves growing in whirls around the tubular stem, much larger and common in Carboniferous period like club mosses and cell walls have a rough compound called silica so colonial settlers used it to scrub pots

A

Horsetails

24
Q

What are the 3 advantages of seed plants?

A

Can reproduce without free standing water
Nourish and protect plant embryos
Allow plants to disperse to new places

25
Q

Occurs when pollen meets female reproductive parts of the same plants species

A

Pollination

26
Q

Seed plant whose seeds aren’t enclosed in fruit

A

Gymnosperm

27
Q

Ex. Of gymnosperms

A

Cone bearing and evergreen

28
Q

Reproductive structure of most gymnosperms with hard protective scales

A

Cone

29
Q

What are cones in males and females?

A

Males- pollen

Female- eggs

30
Q

What the 3 kinds of cones?

A

Cycads, ginkgo Bilbao, and conifers

31
Q

Seed plant that has seeds enclosed in some type of fruit

A

Angiosperm

32
Q

What are angiosperms commonly called?

A

Flowering plants

33
Q

Reproductive structure of flowering pl are that protect a plant’s gametes and fertilized eggs

A

Flower

34
Q

Mature ovary of a flower

A

Fruit

35
Q

How are flowering plants divided?

A

Into 2 groups based on 2 basic kinds of seeds with 1 or 2 cotyledons

36
Q

An embryonic leaf inside a seed and for this reason is often called seed leaves

A

Cotyledon

37
Q

Flowering plants whose embryos have 1 seed leaf (aka monocotyledons)

A

Monocots

38
Q

What generally have parallel veins in long and narrow leaves like iris and lily

A

Monocots

39
Q

What are the flowering plants in monocots usually like?

A

Occur in multiples of 3 bundles of vascular tissue scattered in stem

40
Q

Flowering plants whose embryos have 2 seed leaves (aka dicotyledons)

A

Discord

41
Q

What have netlike veins?

A

Dicots

42
Q

What are flowering parts usually like in dicots?

A

In multiples of 4 or 5 and bundles of vascular tissue are in rings

43
Q

Ex. Of dicots

A

Deciduous trees and peanuts

44
Q

A fibrous material made of dead cells that are a part of the vascular system of some plants

A

Wood

45
Q

What are plants that don’t produce wood like cucumbers, cacti, and marigold called?

A

Herbaceous plants

46
Q

Flowering plants mature from seeds, produce flowers, and die all in one year

A

Annual

47
Q

Ex. Of annual flowers

A

Corn, lettuce, and some garden flowers like zinnias

48
Q

Flowering plants that take 2 years to complete their life cycle. In the first year produces short stem, leaves close to the ground, and underground reserves. Second reserves are used to produce a taller stem, leaves, flowers, and seeds.

A

Biennial

49
Q

Ex. Of biennial flowers

A

Carrots

50
Q

Any flowering plant that loves for 2 or more years. The stems and leaves of some herbaceous ones like some grasses and dandelions die at the end of fall and grow back in spring

A

Perennial

51
Q

Ex. Of perennial flowers

A

Woody plants like trees, grass, and dandelions

52
Q

The study of plants

A

Botany

53
Q

Study of how people in different cultures use plants

A

Ethnobotany

54
Q

Study of drugs and their effects on the body

A

Pharmacology

55
Q

Potent plant chemicals that contain nitrogen in small amounts that are medicinal

A

Alkaloids

56
Q

Multicellular eukaryotes, most of which produce their own food through photosynthesis and have adapted to life on land

A

Plants

Biology (15 decks)

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