Ch. 20- Plant Diversity Flashcards
What are characteristics of plants and charophyceae (algae)?
Multicellular body which led to cell specialization
Method of cell division that makes cells with small channels in their walls allowing cells to chemically communicate with each other
Reproduction involving sperm traveling to fertilize the eggs
A waxy, waterproof layer that helps hold in moisture
Cuticle
Tiny holes in the cuticle that close to prevent water loss and open to allow air to move in and out
Stomata
A collection of specialized tissues that bring water and mineral nutrients up from the roots and disperse sugars down from the leaves
Vascular system
What allows plants to grow higher off the ground?
Vascular system
What limits how tall a plant can be?
The ability of it to support its own weight and the amount of space it has for vascular tissue
A material that hardens the cell walls of some vascular tissues and gives support so the stems of plants are stiff and can retain their upright structure as they grow toward the sun
Lignin
Where are all eggs fertilized in plants?
Within the parent plant’s tissue
2 celled structure containing a cell that divides to form sperm and can be carried by wind, animals, or female reproductive structures)
Pollen grain
Storage device for a plant embryo with a hard coat to protect the embryo from drying wind and sunlight.
Seed
Describe liverworts.
Live in damp environments and gets moisture so directly from the soil surface
What are the 2 types of liverworts?
Leafy and thallose
Look like lobes of liver flat in the ground and the eggs are produced on umbrella like structures
Thallose liverworts
More common, have stemlike and leaflike structures, and the leaflike structures are often arranged in 3 rows
Leafy liverworts
What is a widespread group of plants found in tropical forests and along streams?
Hornworts
What look like liverworts?
Hornworts
Most common nonvascular plant
Moss
How do mosses anchor themselves ?
With rhizoids
What are among the first to colonize bare land and begin the soil making process in early primary succession?
Mosses
What are not true mosses but belong to the oldest living group of vascular plants?
Club mosses
What can be grouped in 1 phylum?
Whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns
Grow mostly in sub tropics, lack true roots and leaves, and are closely related to ferns
Whisk ferns
Grow in wetlands and along rivers and streams,maven tan scale like leaves growing in whirls around the tubular stem, much larger and common in Carboniferous period like club mosses and cell walls have a rough compound called silica so colonial settlers used it to scrub pots
Horsetails
What are the 3 advantages of seed plants?
Can reproduce without free standing water
Nourish and protect plant embryos
Allow plants to disperse to new places
