Chapter 10- Evolution

Question 1

A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can reproduce and have fertile offspring

Answer 1

Species

Question 2

Traces of organisms that existed in the past

Answer 2

Fossils

Question 3

States that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions have happened often during Earth’s long history. These events shaped landforms and caused species to become extinct in thin process. (sudden disaster)

Answer 3

Catastrophism

Question 4

States that landforms resulted from slow changes over a long period of time (moving or changing slowly)

Answer 4

Gradualism

Question 5

States that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time/proposes that present geologic processes are the key to the past (always staying the same)

Answer 5

Uniformitarianism

Question 6

The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs

Answer 6

Variation

Question 7

A feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment and can lead to greater change in a population over time

Answer 7

Adaptation

Question 8

The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits

Answer 8

Artificial selection

Question 9

The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next

Answer 9

Heritability

Question 10

A mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals

Answer 10

Natural selection

Question 11

All the individuals of a species that live in an area

Answer 11

Population

Question 12

A measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment

Answer 12

Fitness

Question 13

The study of the distribution of organisms around the world

Answer 13

Biogeography

Question 14

Features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have different functions

Answer 14

Homologous structures

Question 15

Structures that performs a similar function but not similar in origin (evolved separately)

Answer 15

Analogous structures

Question 16

The remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor

Answer 16

Vestigial structures

Question 17

The study of fossils or extinct organisms

Answer 17

Paleontology

Question 18

The process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors

Answer 18

Evolution

Question 19

The similarity in forelimb structures of humans, bats, and miles is evidence of what?

Answer 19

They share a common ancestor

Question 20

After many generations, an insect species evolved resistance to a particular pesticide. This occurred because spreading pesticides did what?

Answer 20

Selected for insects that were able to survive and reproduce

Question 21

An herbicide killed 99% of a weed population what is the best biological explanation for why some weeds were able to survive?

Answer 21

Genetic variation in the population allowed some weeds to survive

Question 22

In a population, natural selection acts on what?

Answer 22

Phenotypic variation

Question 23

Naturalist who proposed that changes in an environment led to a change in the organism’s behavior, which would later lead to greater use or disuse if a structure or organ. These changes would then be passed on to offspring.

Answer 23

John Baptist Lemark

Question 24

What Scottish geologist who proposed the theory of…… which states that landforms on earth changed slowly?

Answer 24

James Hutton, gradualism

Question 25

What English geologist who expanded Hutton’s theory into…..?

Answer 25

Charles Lyell, uniformitarianism

Question 26

Swedish botanist known as The Father of Modern Classification.

Answer 26

Carlos Linnaeus

Question 27

Lamarck’s idea of ……….. proposed that organisms evolves toward perfection, passing improvements on to each generation.

Answer 27

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 28

Differences between species

Answer 28

(Intraspecific) variation

Question 29

Overtime natural selection will result in species with adaptations that is well suited for survival and reproduction in an environment.

Answer 29

Descent with modification

Question 30

What are the four principles of natural selection?

Answer 30

Variation, overproduction, adaptation, and descent with modification

Question 31

Who proposed that all living things descended from a common ancestor and that more complex forms of life arose from less complex forms?

Answer 31

Erasmus Darwin

Question 32

Who was the the French naturalist who proposed that species shared ancestors instead of arising separately and believed Earth was older than 6,000 years?

Answer 32

Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon

Question 33

Who developed a classification system for organisms known at the time by grouping them by similarities p, but also reflect evolutionary relationships?

Answer 33

Carlos Linnaeus