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Biology > 19.5- Diversity Of Fungi > Flashcards

19.5- Diversity Of Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 groups of fungi?

A

Yeasts, molds, and true fungi

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2
Q

What are the differences between plants and fungi?

A
  • plants have chlorophyll/photosynthesize. Fungi don’t have chlorophyll and get food by absorbing it from their environment
  • plants have true roots, leaves, and stems but fungi don’t
  • plants have cell walls made of polysaccharide and cellulose while fungi’s cell walls are made of chitin
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3
Q

All fungi are multicellular except what?

A

Yeasts

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4
Q

What are multicellular fungi made of?

A

Long strands of hyphae

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5
Q

Threadlike filament forming the body and mycelium of fungus

A

Hyphae

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6
Q

What does each hyphae consist of?

A

A chain of cells or may contain one large long cell with many nuclei

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7
Q

Underground network hyphae

A

Mycelium

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8
Q

What can mycelium do under certain conditions such as a moist environment?

A

Can grow quickly to cover a large area and produce fruiting bodies

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9
Q

A reproductive structure of a fungus that grows above the ground

A

Fruiting body

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10
Q

Ex. Of a fruiting body

A

Mushroom

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11
Q

Ex. Of places fungi absorb food from

A

Tree bark, bread, cheese, and flesh

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12
Q

How do fungi decompose?

A

As they grow, hyphae extend into food source and release enzymes to break down their food to be absorbed through their cell walls

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13
Q

What are the 4 main groups fungi are divided into based on their shape/size?

A

Primitive fungi, sac-fungi, bread molds, and club fungi

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14
Q

What are the smallest and simplest fungi?

A

Primitive fungi

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15
Q

What are the only fungi with flagellated spores?

A

Primitive fungi

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16
Q

Aka chytrids

A

Primitive fungi

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17
Q

Explain primitive fungi.

A

Mostly aquatic
Spores have flagella to help propel them through water
Some are decomposers
Some are parasites of protists, plants, or animals

18
Q

Ex. Of sac fungi

A

Yeasts, certain molds such as penicillium, and molds and truffles

19
Q

What do all sac fungi form?

A

A sac called an ascus that contains spores for reproduction

20
Q

What is Penicillium chrysogenum a source of?

A

Antibiotic penicillin

21
Q

What is the mold that makes a poison called aflatoxin that contaminates cereals, nuts, and milk?

A

Aspergillis flavus

22
Q

What can be bread molds be fermented to make?

A

Soy sauce

23
Q

Where do bread molds have to get their food from?

A

By decomposing dead and decaying matter

24
Q

Mutualism to partnership between fungi and the roots of certain plants

A

Mycorrhizae

25
Q

What helps plants to fix nitrogen?

A

Mycorrhizae

26
Q

Where do club fungi get their name from?

A

Their fruiting bodies which are club shaped

27
Q

Ex. Of club fungi

A

Mushrooms, puffballs, bracket, shelf fungi, rusts and smuts

28
Q

What club fungi caused disease in plants?

A

Rusts and smuts

29
Q

What do puffballs form?

A

Dry looking structured that release spores when someone or something strikes the mature fruiting body

30
Q

How do yeast reproduce asexually?

A

Through simple fission or budding

31
Q

What is simple fission identical to?

A

Mitosis

32
Q

How do diploid yeasts undergo sexual reproduction?

A

Meiosis

33
Q

What is difference in meiosis with diploid yeasts?

A

The parent cell’s cytoplasm doesn’t divide since it’s a sac fungi

34
Q

What is the difference between club fungi and other phyla when it comes to sexual reproduction?

A

Spores are most formed by sexual reproduction

35
Q

When do bread molds reproduce sexually and asexually?

A

They reproduce sexually when food supply is low but asexually when there is plenty of food

36
Q

How do club fungi reproduce asexually?

A

By producing spores in sporangia

37
Q

Spore forming structures at the tips of their hyphae

A

Sporangia

38
Q

When are most asci formed in sac fungi?

A

During sexual reproduction within fungi’s cup shaped fruiting body

39
Q

What does the sexual reproduction of sac fungi involve?

A

The joining of 2 mycelia that are different mating types

40
Q

How do fungi release their spores?

A

At the ropes of their hyphae high above their food source to allow the small spores to be carried in air currents to a new location

41
Q

What is the reason that the growth of mold on our leftover food cannot be avoided even if the food is refrigerated?

A

The great number of spree in the air

42
Q

What are fungi adapted to do?

A

To absorb their food from the environment

Biology (15 decks)

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