19.5- Diversity Of Fungi

Question 1

What are the 3 groups of fungi?

Answer 1

Yeasts, molds, and true fungi

Question 2

What are the differences between plants and fungi?

Answer 2

• plants have chlorophyll/photosynthesize. Fungi don’t have chlorophyll and get food by absorbing it from their environment
• plants have true roots, leaves, and stems but fungi don’t
• plants have cell walls made of polysaccharide and cellulose while fungi’s cell walls are made of chitin

Question 3

All fungi are multicellular except what?

Answer 3

Yeasts

Question 4

What are multicellular fungi made of?

Answer 4

Long strands of hyphae

Question 5

Threadlike filament forming the body and mycelium of fungus

Answer 5

Hyphae

Question 6

What does each hyphae consist of?

Answer 6

A chain of cells or may contain one large long cell with many nuclei

Question 7

Underground network hyphae

Answer 7

Mycelium

Question 8

What can mycelium do under certain conditions such as a moist environment?

Answer 8

Can grow quickly to cover a large area and produce fruiting bodies

Question 9

A reproductive structure of a fungus that grows above the ground

Answer 9

Fruiting body

Question 10

Ex. Of a fruiting body

Answer 10

Mushroom

Question 11

Ex. Of places fungi absorb food from

Answer 11

Tree bark, bread, cheese, and flesh

Question 12

How do fungi decompose?

Answer 12

As they grow, hyphae extend into food source and release enzymes to break down their food to be absorbed through their cell walls

Question 13

What are the 4 main groups fungi are divided into based on their shape/size?

Answer 13

Primitive fungi, sac-fungi, bread molds, and club fungi

Question 14

What are the smallest and simplest fungi?

Answer 14

Primitive fungi

Question 15

What are the only fungi with flagellated spores?

Answer 15

Primitive fungi

Question 16

Aka chytrids

Answer 16

Primitive fungi

Question 17

Explain primitive fungi.

Answer 17

Mostly aquatic
Spores have flagella to help propel them through water
Some are decomposers
Some are parasites of protists, plants, or animals

Question 18

Ex. Of sac fungi

Answer 18

Yeasts, certain molds such as penicillium, and molds and truffles

Question 19

What do all sac fungi form?

Answer 19

A sac called an ascus that contains spores for reproduction

Question 20

What is Penicillium chrysogenum a source of?

Answer 20

Antibiotic penicillin

Question 21

What is the mold that makes a poison called aflatoxin that contaminates cereals, nuts, and milk?

Answer 21

Aspergillis flavus

Question 22

What can be bread molds be fermented to make?

Answer 22

Soy sauce

Question 23

Where do bread molds have to get their food from?

Answer 23

By decomposing dead and decaying matter

Question 24

Mutualism to partnership between fungi and the roots of certain plants

Answer 24

Mycorrhizae

Question 25

What helps plants to fix nitrogen?

Answer 25

Mycorrhizae

Question 26

Where do club fungi get their name from?

Answer 26

Their fruiting bodies which are club shaped

Question 27

Ex. Of club fungi

Answer 27

Mushrooms, puffballs, bracket, shelf fungi, rusts and smuts

Question 28

What club fungi caused disease in plants?

Answer 28

Rusts and smuts

Question 29

What do puffballs form?

Answer 29

Dry looking structured that release spores when someone or something strikes the mature fruiting body

Question 30

How do yeast reproduce asexually?

Answer 30

Through simple fission or budding

Question 31

What is simple fission identical to?

Answer 31

Mitosis

Question 32

How do diploid yeasts undergo sexual reproduction?

Answer 32

Meiosis

Question 33

What is difference in meiosis with diploid yeasts?

Answer 33

The parent cell's cytoplasm doesn't divide since it's a sac fungi

Question 34

What is the difference between club fungi and other phyla when it comes to sexual reproduction?

Answer 34

Spores are most formed by sexual reproduction

Question 35

When do bread molds reproduce sexually and asexually?

Answer 35

They reproduce sexually when food supply is low but asexually when there is plenty of food

Question 36

How do club fungi reproduce asexually?

Answer 36

By producing spores in sporangia

Question 37

Spore forming structures at the tips of their hyphae

Answer 37

Sporangia

Question 38

When are most asci formed in sac fungi?

Answer 38

During sexual reproduction within fungi's cup shaped fruiting body

Question 39

What does the sexual reproduction of sac fungi involve?

Answer 39

The joining of 2 mycelia that are different mating types

Question 40

How do fungi release their spores?

Answer 40

At the ropes of their hyphae high above their food source to allow the small spores to be carried in air currents to a new location

Question 41

What is the reason that the growth of mold on our leftover food cannot be avoided even if the food is refrigerated?

Answer 41

The great number of spree in the air

Question 42

What are fungi adapted to do?

Answer 42

To absorb their food from the environment