Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 102 > Plant tissues > Flashcards

Plant tissues Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the two components of a plant body

A

shoots (stem, leaves, flowers) and roots (anchor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are meristems?

A

sections of growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are apical meristems?

A

a source of primary growth; it’s the lengthening of shoots and roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the lateral meristems?

A

source of secondary growth; it’s the thickening of tissues, leading to an increase in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the three tissues of plants

A

ground - photosynthesis and food storage
Vascular - moves water and solutes (xylem and phloem)
Dermal - covers and protects the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are simple tissues? What three are present in plants?

A

Having one cell type; parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are complex tissues? What three are present in plants?

A

2+ cell types; xylem and phloem; dermal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the 6 defining characteristics of monocots

A

(grass) 1 cotyledon; parallel veins; fibrous root; flower parts have multiples of three; one pore; their vascular bundles are distributed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the 6 defining characteristics of dicots

A

(maple) 2 cotyledons; branched veins; taproot; flower parts have multiples of 4 or 5; three pores; vascular bundles are organized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Simple tissue #1: Parenchyma

A

soft, moist. The primary growth of roots and shoots. Helps with repair, gas exchange, and storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Simple tissue #2: Sclerenchyma

A

dead at maturity, and hardened with lignin. Very dense. (e.g. wood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Simple tissue #3: Collenchyma

A

Stretchable tissue that supports new growth (collagen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complex tissue #1 and #2: xylem and phloem

A

Xylem moves water, phloem moves sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Complex tissue #3: Dermal

A

Also known as the epidermis. Contains stomata, and secretes the waxy cuticle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Shoot structure: Terminal buds

A

are located at the end of branches. This is the main zone of primary growth. Elongate the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Shoot structure: Lateral buds (axillary)

A

Dormant shoots of mostly meristematic tissue. Is used whenever damage is inflicted on terminal buds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vascular bundles are _____ array in dicots, and ____ ____ in monocots

A

ring; randomly distributed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vascular bundles are where the _____ and ____ are kept

A

xylem and phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the cortex?

A

the portion in dicots between vascular tissue and epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the pith?

A

This is the center in the vascular tissue of dicots. This is the backbone of the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

5 characteristics of leaves

A

Blade and petiole (stem); simple or compound leaves; cuticle excretion and stomata; Mesophyll for photosynthesis; veins are branched or parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Root hairs do what?

A

increase the surface area for absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the vascular cylinder?

A

vascular tissue, made up by xylem and phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the endodermis? Epidermis?

A

The endodermis is found between the cortex and vascular tissue. It also is waterproof and keeps the plant from rotting. The endodermis is the inner cell layer, while the epidermis is the outermost layer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Taproots are found in…

A

dicots

26
Q

Fibrous roots are found in…

A

monocots

27
Q

Woody plants add ___ in 2 or more growing season

A

secondary growth

28
Q

Explain the light and dark wood phases/ seasons (or early and late wood)

A

Light wood — appears during spring, and is the plant’s main source of growth. Dark wood — appears during the summer, and works at a slower pace.

29
Q

Woody plants include

A

some monocots, mostly dicots, and gymnosperms. All are magnoliids.

30
Q

What are the three parts of bark?

A

periderm, vascular cambium, and cork cambium

31
Q

periderm:

A

cork, cork cambium and parenchyma

32
Q

Vascular cambium

A

ring inside; xylem and phloem outside — becomes the cork cambium.

33
Q

cork cambium

A

makes cork, which protects and insulates plant

34
Q

Earlywood

A

light color ring, springtime, signifies quicker growth

35
Q

Latewood

A

darker ring, summertime, indicates slower growth

36
Q

Vascular cambium creates the ____

A

wood

37
Q

xylem, as it gets older, is filled with ____, and creates the different types of wood

A

lignin

38
Q

Hardwood

A

lots of lignin in the xylem to strengthen wood (oak and hickory)

39
Q

Softwood

A

no lignin. (conifers).

40
Q

The size and proportion of minerals lead to different kinds of ___ with different consistencies.

A

soil

41
Q

Sand - silt - clay consistencies:

A

grainy - smaller - smallest minerals

42
Q

Soil horizons:

A

over thousands of years, soil develops into these. Distinct color and properties. Profiles an area for plant growth by depth.

43
Q

O horizon

A

dead organic material. Very top layer

44
Q

A horizon

A

Top soi; organic material

45
Q

B horizon

A

larger soil particles with less organic material and more minerals

46
Q

C Horizon

A

No organic material with weathered rock

47
Q

What is leaching?

A

When water flows downward through the soil, carrying dissolved nutrients (like brewing coffee).

48
Q

What is erosion?

A

Loss of topsoil due to wind and water.

49
Q

Root growth doesn’t ‘explore’, instead…

A

soil composition and texture changes stimulate growth towards higher concentrations of water and minerals.

50
Q

3 absorptive structures:

A

mycorrhizae, root nodules, and root hairs

51
Q

mycorrhizae

A

fungi that are symbiotic with roots of plants, increases surface area

52
Q

Root nodules

A

bacteria apartments. Nitrifying bacteria can access nitrogen out of the air for the plant. Bacteria have a nice place to live, while plant gains nutrients. (peanut plants; crop rotation to put nitrogen in the soil)

53
Q

Root hairs

A

increase surface area, no mutual relationship

54
Q

What are Plasmodesmata?

A

narrow channels that act as intercellular bridges that help with the transport of minerals and communication in plant cells.

55
Q

Water uptake occurs in the…

A

the vascular cylinder of the roots.

56
Q

what is the Casparian strip?

A

the waxy barrier around the vascular cylinder. Water can only pass through the unwaxy areas to control uptake. It must travel through endodermal cells.

57
Q

What is transpiration?

A

the evaporation of water from leaves, stems, and other parts

58
Q

Plants only use a small portion of ___ for growth and metabolism

A

water

59
Q

Most water is lost through what?

A

stomata

60
Q

Explain the cohesion-tension theory

A

Water is pulled up by transpiration, creating tension )negative pressure), that pulls the water from below. Hydrogen bonds that hold the water together allow for cohesion, and thus a continuous cycle of water flowing through the plant

61
Q

Water is preserved in what ways?

A

Waxy cuticle acts as a seal; stomata open and close for gas diffusion; guard cells on stomata open, close and seals for water conservation

62
Q

Pressure flow theory

A

keeps plants upright

BIO 102 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions