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ChE LE Flashcards > Plant Design and Process Control > Flashcards

Plant Design and Process Control Flashcards

1
Q

Feasibility of processes and establishment of profitability.

A

Process Evaluation

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2
Q

Functionality assurance of a unit or process

A

Process Reliability

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3
Q

Composition & mechanical properties of materials and equipment

A

Metallurgy

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4
Q

Workers and environmental risks

A

Safety

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5
Q
A

Control

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6
Q

Atmospheric tanks - Operating pressure

A

0-5 psig

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7
Q

Low-Pressure tanks - Operating pressure

A

5-15 psig

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8
Q

Difference between measured value and setpoint

A

error

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9
Q

Which industry produces electricity aside from its main product?

A

sugar industry
(recall bagasse)

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10
Q

The act of joining together metals through heating the surfaces to melting point and uniting them to form one object

A

Welding

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11
Q

Process required to release any locked up localized stress in vessels

A

Stress Relieving

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12
Q

Process of locating weld defects by means of X-ray exposure

A

Radiographing

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13
Q

Directly applicable to processes exhibiting linear dynamics behavior

A

Transfer Function

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14
Q

Unwanted input that affects the control system’s output

A

Disturbance

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15
Q

Can come from external interferences or electrical fields, instrumental wear&tear or any physical obstruction

A

Noise

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16
Q

Electronic noise inside an electric conduction which is independent of applied voltage

A

Johnson Noise

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17
Q

The process variables that are controlled.

A

Controlled variables

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18
Q

The process variables that can be adjusted to keep the controlled variables at or near their set points.

A

Manipulated variables

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19
Q

Process variables that negatively affect the controlled variables but cannot be manipulated.

A

Disturbance variables

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20
Q

Occurs during important situations such as start-ups and shutdowns, correction of process disturbances, unusual process disturbances, feed stock and/or campaign changes, and planned transitions from one product grade to another.

A

Transient Operation

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21
Q

Unaware of the whereabouts of the controlled variable, receives information on the measured disturbances and the set point and calculates the necessary corrective action to maintain the controlled variable at its set point in the presence of disturbances.

A

Feedforward Control

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22
Q

Control based on the measurement of the controlled variable (process variable, PV) by a proper sensor and transmitting the measured signal to the controller.

A

Feedback Control

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23
Q

Lug support is
A. the most suitable for thick vertical vessel.
B.same as bracket support.
C. provided usually for vessels of much smaller height than skirt supported vessels.
D. all (a), (b) and (c).

A

D. all (a), (b) and (c).

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24
Q

The stress developed in a material without any permanent set is called the ___

A

Elastic Limit

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25
Q

In a heat exchanger, shell side fluid velocity can be changed by changing the tube ___

A

Layout and Pitch

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26
Q

Bracket supports are the most suitable for supporting __________ vessels.

A

thick walled vertical

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27
Q

Which of the following is an undesirable dynamic characteristic of an instrument ?
Reproducibility
Dead zone
Time lag
Static error

A

Time Lag

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28
Q

Which of the following is the dynamic characteristics of an instrument ?
Reproducibility
Sensitivity
Dead zone
Fidelity

A

Fidelity

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29
Q

Which of the following temperature measuring instruments need not touch the object whose temperature is being measured ?
Radiation/infrared pyrometer
Filled system thermometer
Mercury in glass thermometer
Thermo electric pyrometer

A

Radiation/infrared pyrometer

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30
Q

Radiation pyrometers as compared to thermocouples
-has a slower speed of response.
-can measure higher temperature.
-can’t measure the temperature of moving objects.
-is more affected by corrosive atmosphere.

A

-can measure higher temperature.

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31
Q

__________ is undesirable in thermocouples used in industries,
Linear relation of emf to temperature
Corrosion resistance
Oxidation resistance
Non-linear relation of emf to temperature

A

Non-linear relation of emf to temperature

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32
Q

Which of the following thermocouples can measure the maximum temperature ?
Platinum-rhodium
Tungsten-molybdenum
Chromel-alumel
Iron-constantan

A

Tungsten-molybdenum

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33
Q

Which of the following controllers has maximum offset ?
P-controller
P-I controller
P-D controller
P-I-D controller

A

P-controller

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34
Q

Which of the following is not a differential pressure flow meter?
Rotameter
Flow nozzle
Orificemeter
Venturimeter

A

Rotameter

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35
Q

__________ controller has the maximum stabilising time.
P
PD
PI
PID

A

PI

36
Q

Hot wire anemometer is used for the measurement of
-flow rates of fluids.
-flow rates of granular solids.
-very high temperature.
-thermal conductivity of gases.

A

-flow rates of fluids.

37
Q

Which of the following is not a composition measuring instrument ?
-Thermal conductivity cell
-Mass spectrometer
-Polarograph
-Hot wire anemometer

A

-Hot wire anemometer

38
Q

Property of fluid that converts kinetic energy to heat energy

A

fluidity

39
Q

If a heat transfer equipment, dirt or scale may be accounted by introducing resistance called ______

A

fouling factors

40
Q

A pipe conducting superheated steam is tagged with several layers of insulation. The rate of radial heat flow _______

A

equal through each layer

41
Q

To increase the life of an incandescent lamp, it is ______

A

filled with argon gas

42
Q

The net amount of money obtainable from the sale of used property over and above any charges involved in the removal and sale is called _____.

A

salvage value

43
Q

Design based on giving the least cost per unit time or maximum profit per unit of production.

A

optimum economic design

44
Q

One ingredient present in all baking powder is _____

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

45
Q

A control structure with two feedback controller with the output of the primary controller changes the set point of the secondary controller whose output goes to the final controller.

A

cascade control

46
Q

Which control system is used for multi-input, multi-output system?

A

model predictive control

47
Q

The achievement of a temperature below that of the immediate surroundings is _____

A

refrigeration

48
Q

Importance of SCADA

A

automation

49
Q

Material of Construction:
Austenitic
Ferritic
Martensitic
Duplex

A

Austenitic: Most popular
Ferritic: cheap
Martensitic: requires less pre-heating and post-weld
Duplex: higher yield strength

50
Q

How is fluctuation in the process controlled?

A

Equipping instrument with Integral Control

51
Q

Temperature in which Reactor conditions cannot be controlled

A

Runaway temperature

52
Q

Other term for Bulk Temperature

A

Mixing-Cup Temperature

53
Q

The ratio of shear stress to shear strain is called

A

shear modulus

54
Q

Which of the following material is seldom used for pressure vessel construction?

Rimmed still
Mild steel
Killed steel
Semi-killed steel

A

Rimmed still

55
Q

Fresh water carrying pipelines in chemical industries are colored with color.

sea green
brown
yellow
red

A

sea green

56
Q

Liquid/petroleum fuel storage tanks are built underground (as in case of petrol pumps), when the storage capacity is ______ less than kilolitres.

20
30
45
85

A

45

57
Q

Lug support is
A. the most suitable for thick vertical vessel.
B. same as bracket support.
C. provided usually for vessels of much smaller height than skirt supported vessels.
D. (a), (b) and (c).

A

D. (a), (b) and (c).

58
Q

With increase in the number of shell passes, the value of FT

A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains same
D. remains same, only if the number of tube passes does not change.

A

A. increases

59
Q

Holes of a sieve tray are arranged in triangular pitch of _____ times the hole diameter.

A. 1.5 to 2
B. 2.5 to 5
C. 5 to 10
D. 10 to 15

A

B. 2.5 to 5

60
Q

In case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the minimum shell thickness for carbon steel (inclusive of corrosion allowance) depends on shell diameter and is in the range of _____ mm.
A. 3-5
B. 5-11
C. 8-15
D. 12-18

A

B. 5-11

61
Q

The stress developed in a material without any permanent set is called the ____
ultimate stress
yield stress
elastic limit
breaking stress

A

elastic limit

62
Q

In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the ‘tube pitch’ is defined as the
A. O.D. of the tube for square pitch.
B. shortest distance between two adjacent tube holes.
C. shortest centre to centre distance between adjacent tubes.
D none of these.

A

C. shortest centre to centre distance between adjacent tubes.

63
Q

Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele’s method?

A. Sensible heat changes for vapor & liquid are negligibly small.
B. Reflux is not a saturated liquid.
C. Molar latent heat of the two components are equal.
D. Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero.

A

B. Reflux is not a saturated liquid.

64
Q

The value of fouling factor depends upon the
A. characteristic of process fluid.
B. velocity of process fluid containing suspended solids.
C. suspended solids in the fluid.
D. all (a), (b) and (c).

A

D. all (a), (b) and (c).

65
Q

In case of bubble cap distillation column of diameter greater than 1.2 metres, the cap diameter is roughly about _____ cms

A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40

A

A. 10

66
Q

Tube side pressure drop in a 1-2 heat exchanger (for turbulent flow of fluids through the tubes) is about ____ times, that in a 1-1 heat exchanger having the same size & number of tubes and operated at the same liquid flow rate.
A. 2
B. 1/2
C. 4
D. 8

A

D. 8

67
Q

To keep the power input constant for a stirred vessel operating under fully developed turbulent flow conditions (constant power number), if the impeller diameter is increased by 20%, the impeller speed should be decreased by a factor of

A. (1.2)^3/2
B. (1.2)^3/5
C. (1.2)^2/3
D. (1.2)^5/3

A

D. (1.2)^5/3

68
Q

In a heat exchanger, shell side fluid velocity can be changed by changing the tube

A. layout
B. pitch
C. both (a) & (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)

A

C. both (a) & (b)

69
Q

Where does the maximum tensile strength occur in a thick cylindrical vessel subjected to internal pressure?

A. At the inner surface.
B. At the mid thickness of the cylindrical wall.
C. At the outer surface.
D. None of these.

A

A. At the inner surface.

70
Q

It is not desirable to design correction factor, FT, of less than

A. 0.99
B. 0.95
C. 0.80
D. 0.55

A

C. 0.80

71
Q

A rivetted joint does not fail by __________ of rivets.
A. Tearing

B. Shearing

C. Tearing of the plate across a row

D. None of these

A

D. None of these

72
Q

Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger
A. permits the use of less tubes in a given shell diameter.
B. facilitates comparatively easier external cleaning because of large clearance.
C. permits the use of more tubes in a given shell diameter.
D. both (b) and (c).

A

C. permits the use of more tubes in a given shell diameter.

73
Q

Bracket supports are the most suitable for supporting ___ vessels.
A. thick walled vertical
B. horizontal
C. thin spherical (e.g. Horton sphere)
D. none of these

A

A. thick walled vertical

74
Q

In a multi-pass shell and tube heat exchanger, the shell side cross flow area does not depend upon
A. baffle spacing
B. clearance
C. pitch
D. none of these

A

D. none of these

75
Q

Two iron pipes of the same nominal diameter but different schedule numbers will have the same
A. inside diameter
B. outside diameter
C. wall thickness
D. none of these

A

A. inside diameter

76
Q

Lessing ring is formed by the addition of a partition across the centre of a raschig ring, which results in an area increase of about __ percent.
.
A. 5
B. 20
C. 35
D. 55

A

B. 20

77
Q

In chemical process equipment, the conical bottom heads used, usually has an apex angle of

A. 20°
B. 40°
C. 60°
D. 80°

A

C. 60°

78
Q

Smaller sized packings are generally dumped to the packed columns, and the large ones of size greater than ____ mm are stacked individually, which provides better control over bed porosity and offers lower gas pressure drop.
A. 25
B. 50
C. 75
D. 150

A

C. 75

79
Q

Correct use of ‘factor of safety’ is very important in equipment design. It is defined as the ratio of the

A. ultimate stress to breaking stress.
B. ultimate stress to working stress.
C. working stress to ultimate stress.
D. none of these.

A

B. ultimate stress to working stress.

80
Q

The operating velocity in the absorption tower is usually 40-50% of the flooding velocity. Packed absorption towers are normally designed for a pressure drop of about ____ mm of water column per meter height of packing.
A. 1-5
B. 20-40
C. 100-150
D. 1000-1500

A

B. 20-40

81
Q

In perforated plate towers, the

A. hole sizes may be around 1/8” or 3/16”.
B. total hole area may be around 6 to 15% of tower cross- sectional area.
C. pressure drop is less compared is similar bubble cap towers.
D. all (a), (b) and (c).

A

D. all (a), (b) and (c).

82
Q

The ends of a cylindrical vessel can be closed by a head, which can be one of the four shapes. For the same thickness, choose the one which can withstand the highest pressure.

A. Flat plate
B. Hemispherical
C. Torispherical
D. Ellipsoidal

A

D. Ellipsoidal

83
Q

Wall thickness of schedule 40 pipe as compared to that of schedule 80 pipe is

A. more
B. less
C. same
D. either (a) or (b); depends upon the I.D. of the pipe

A

B. less

84
Q

Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a basket type evaporator.

A. It is used for high viscosity liquor having large rate of scaling.
B. The tube bundle is suspended on bracket.
C. There is no central downtake.
D. Downtake is formed by the annular space between the bundle and the shell.

A

A. It is used for high viscosity liquor having large rate of scaling.

85
Q

Speed of the drum of the rotary vacuum filter normally ranges from rpm.

A. 0.1 to 2
B. 5 to 7
C. 3 to 8
D. 8 to 15

A

A. 0.1 to 2

86
Q

A stuffing box is used for
A. absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes.
B. prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts.
C. facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve.
D. reducing the resistance of fluid flow.

A

B. prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts.

ChE LE Flashcards (20 decks)

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