Planning Movements Flashcards
City Beautiful
City Beautiful leaders believed that creating a beautiful city would inspire residents to lead virtuous lives. Daniel Burnham was a leading proponent. The McMillan Plan for DC is an example. Fell out of favor for being too focused on aesthetics and not functionality.
Garden Cities
A Garden City is self-contained, with a population of 32,000 and a land area of 6,000 acres. A Garden City would house 30,000 people on 1,000 acres, with remaining land and population in farming areas. Invented by Ebenezer Howard in English (Letchworth) and spread to the US through Lewis Mumford. American examples include Radburn, NJ and Sunnyside Gardens, Queens.
City Efficient
AKA City Functional or City Scientific. Reaction to City Beautiful. Concerned with matters of function and efficiency and making systems run smoothly.
City Humane
1930s era focus on social policy and jobs as a result of the Great Depression
Multiple Nuclei Model
By Harris and Ulman in 1945. Cities with several nodes as regional centers within a larger city. Los Angeles is the primary example
Concentric Zone Model
AKA Burgess Model. 1925. The Central Business District is surrounded by circles of industry and settlement
Sector Model
Homer Hoyt in 1939. Central Business District has sectors of industry and settlement branching out from it along rail lines.
Negative Exponential Model of Population Density
Coined by Bleicher in 1892. Popularized in 1915 by Clark. Found that density decreases as distance from the City Center increases.
Valley Section
Geddes concept as a precursor to Smart Growth ideas. Illustration of mountains to sea, with each section growing more urban and describing the best adapted occupations and tools for each setting.
Superblock (Corbusier)
Large residential tower surrounded by parkland.
Superblock (Barcelona)
Salvador Rueda’s idea to redirect main mobility traffic outside 9 x 9 traditional blocks. Roads within are local transit only and one-ways, making it impossible to cut through.
