Exam 1 Missed Qs Flashcards
Purposes of zoning
Regulate land uses in order to prevent incompatible
adjacent land uses, undue density and traffic congestion, restrict height and size/bulk of
buildings, provide setbacks to lessen fire hazard and promote aesthetic value
Future Value Equation
FV = PV(1+r)^n where FV = Future Value PV = Present Value r = Annual Interest Rate n = # of periods
Albedo
Portion of solar energy reflected from Earth back into space
Board of Adjustment
Quasi-judicial, serves 3 purposes. It hears appeals to the staff’s administration of the zoning ordinance,
conducts hearings on special exceptions to the ordinance, and can grant variances to the zoning ordinance where strict application will result in undue hardship to a property owner due to special circumstances.
Planning & Zoning Commission
Issue recommendations in matters of
zoning and long-range planning, They also review subdivision plats and make recommendations to the governing body. Most cities require that members of the P&Z Commission be residents of their city or at least operate a business within the city limits.
Homestead Act of 1862
One of the most significant and enduring events in the westward expansion of the United States. By granting 160 acres of free land to claimants, it allowed nearly any man or woman a “fair chance.”
Ideal number of stakeholders
5 to 9 for quick agreement; at least 9 for a diverse range of opinions. Larger numbers make it harder to agree
Key concept of 1916 NYC Zoning Ordinance
Setback requirements
Township Survey
AKA Government Survey. Townships are subdivided into sections. Each township is six miles by six miles, township contains 36 square miles, each one forming a section. Calculations start at the end and work to the beginning of a section. Each section is one square mile which is 640 acres. Ex.: 1/4 of 640 is 160. 1/4 of 160 is 40 acres.
Form-Based Zoning
Part of Smart Code. Focuses on the placement of a building on a lot, considering the relationship between the building and the public realm
Cluster Zoning
Zoning for an entire area rather than lot-by-lot basis. Developers like this. It’s common for subdivisions
Tactical Urbanism
Activist approach to engaging community with possibilities of transforming a space
National Heritage Area
Established by Congress to have unique cultural, historic, or scenic value
Strategic Plan
Sets priorities to strengthen operations of an organization
Is fast tracking a project unethical?
No ethical issues with having a project face no delays and this is just customer service.
Floating Zones
A floating zone is a zoning district that delineates conditions which must be met before that zoning district can be approved for an existing piece of land. Rather than being placed on the zoning map as traditional zones are, however, the floating zone is simply written as an amendment in the zoning ordinance.
Variance vs. Standard Deviation
The variance is the average of the squared differences from the mean. Because of this squaring, the variance is no longer in the same unit of measurement as the original data. Taking the root of the variance means the standard deviation is restored to the original unit of measure and therefore much easier to interpret.
3 T’s of the Creative Class
Talent, Tolerance, and Technology
Components of TJ Kent’s effective Master Plan
From “The Urban General Plan”: 1) Long range & general 2) Comprehensive & adopted all at once 3) Focused on physical development related to socio-economics 4) Identified as the City Council’s plan
Components of Burnham’s Chicago Plan
1) Paid for by private businesses 2) Addressed areas outside the City 3) Educated the public about planning 4) City Beautiful
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Allows for provision and analysis of information by the public
Plebiscite
Direct vote of the members of the electorate
Samoan Circle
Fast-paced group facilitation to share points of view
Growing Smart Legislative Handbook
2002 - Stuart Meck’s tools for local governments for better growth
Zero Lot Line
A structure that comes up to the edge of a property line. Ex.: Row Homes, Garden Homes, Patio Homes
Easement
Right to use a property owned by another person for specific purpose
PERT vs. CPM
PERT is a project management technique, whereby planning, scheduling, organising, coordinating and controlling uncertain activities are done. CPM is a statistical technique of project management in which planning, scheduling, organising, coordination and control of well-defined activities take place.
PERT is a technique of planning and control of time. Unlike CPM, which is a method to control costs and time.
NOI Calculation
Gross Income(1 - Vacancy Rate) - Operating Expenses
Steering Committee
Guides a body on a project from start to finish. Members of steering committees meet and collaborate to define, prioritize and control projects. They also provide guidance to the project manager on various issues. Made up of various people, which can include some combination of board officers, senior stakeholders, experts, executives, department employees and client representatives. Should be led by a committee member rather than a staff member.
701 Program
Funding for local comprehensive planning in the Housing Act of 1954
Best neighborhoods for TIFs
Blighted areas
Census Urban Cluster
Between 2,500 and 50,000 people with a density of at least 1,000 people
Euclidean Buffer
Buffer measured with Cartesian distance and thus a straight line. Good for cities
Geodesic Buffer
Takes curvature of the Earth into account when making a buffer. Good for a regional scale project.
Linear Programming
Determining the optimal solution. Note: NOT a schedule, unlike CPM and PERT
Inventor of TOD
Peter Calthorpe
Zombie Subdivisions
Subdivisions with infrastructure built but not having housing as a result of the 2008 crash
Cost of Community Services (COCS) Study
Broad term to determine whether various forms of land use contribute to or detract from a budget. Fiscal Impact Analysis, Cost Benefit Analysis, and Cost Effectiveness Analysis are components but not the whole thing.
Fiscal Impact Analysis
Estimate the impact of a development or a land use change or a plan on the costs and revenues of governmental units serving the development.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Attempting to compare costs with the dollar value of all (or most) of a program’s many benefits. Calculates the monetary ratio of all costs to all benefits of a program
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Technique that relates the costs of a program to its key outcomes or benefits. A transparent, simple, and objective measurement that enables comparison of programs with common outcome(s) of interest.
Channelization
Increases the volume of water delivered to streams
Who can reinstate AICP membership after revocation?
The Ethics Committee
Push Analysis
Determines the sales capacity of a market area and whether adding new businesses will also add new customers
Symptomatic Method
Estimating population using a secondary measure like building permits, people enrolled in school, etc. Good for small areas but requires heavy assumptions and frequently leads to over-estimation
CommunityViz
3D model to assist citizens in visualizing an area
UrbanSim
Simulates urban areas to provide robust predictions of the potential outcomes of different transportation investments and land use policies, but also to facilitate more deliberative civic engagement in what are often contentious debates about transportation infrastructure, or land policies, with uneven distributions of benefits and costs.
Enterprise Fund
Manages revenues and expenditures of a self-sufficient activity such as a baseball stadium, zoo, or parking garage
Special District
Form of government that serves a specific purpose and limited functions in a defined area. Ex.: School District, Utility District
Vested Right
Permits a property owner to use property in a manner they see fit if contradictory to zoning if a permit has already been issued
Who are COGs accountable to?
Local governments
Case that overturned “Substantial Advancement”
Lingle v. Chevron
Neighborhood Composition Rule
Component of Housing Act of 1937 that perpetuated racial segregation
Is infrastructure in a Comp Plan?
Not typically
Communicative Planning
Approach to urban planning that gathers stakeholders and engages them in a process to make decisions together in a manner that respects the positions of all involved. Planning practitioners play more of a facilitative role. They often act as a ‘knowledge mediator and broker’. Consensus-building is an important part of this collective meaning-making process, as information is discussed and validated within the group of stakeholders, resulting in information which holds more significance to the group. Judith Innes as major founder.
