Planes and axis, levers

Question 1

What is the FULCRUM?

Answer 1

point of movement or pivot

Question 2

What is the LOAD?

Answer 2

weight or resistance that the lever must move

Question 3

What is the EFFORT?

Answer 3

muscular force to move the load

Question 4

What is MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE?

Answer 4

measures the effiency of a lever

Question 5

Formula to work out mechanical advantage

Answer 5

MA= effort arm// load( resistance) arm

Question 6

What are LEVER SYSTEMS?

Answer 6

a rigid bar that turns about an axis to create movement

Question 7

1st class lever

Answer 7

Fulcrum in middle
load on the left
effort on the right pointing down

Question 8

Examples in the body where a 1st class lever occurs

Answer 8

> elbow (extension)

>neck

Question 9

Sporting examples for 1ST CLASS LEVER

Answer 9

> throw in in football

>throwing a ball

Question 10

Advantages of a 1ST CLASS LEVER

Answer 10

> strong
stable
increasing the length of lever increases ma

Question 11

Disadvantages of 1ST CLASS LEVER

Answer 11

> slow acting movement

>limited flexibility

Question 12

2nd class lever

Answer 12

Load in the middle
fulcrum on the left
effort on the right pointing upwards (long effort arm so HIGH MA)

Question 13

Examples in the body where a 2ND CLASS LEVER is present

Answer 13

> ankle

|&raquo_space;plantar/ dorsi flexion

Question 14

Sporting examples of 2ND CLASS LEVER

Answer 14

> ice skating
dunk shot in basketball
sprinter leaving the blocks
lifting heavy weights

Question 15

Advantages of 2ND CLASS LEVER

Answer 15

+HIGH mechanical advantage

+strongest lever effort arm is longer than load arm

Question 16

Disadvantages of 2ND CLASS LEVER

Answer 16

• slow acting movement

- limited flexibility

Question 17

3rd class lever

Answer 17

effort in the middle pointing upwards
fulcrum on the left
load on the right pointing down

Question 18

Examples of 3RD CLASS LEVER in the body

Answer 18

> knee
hip
elbow (flexion)

> abduction
adduction
rotation

Question 19

Sporting examples of 3RD CLASS LEVER

Answer 19

> tennis forearm

>upwards phase of a bicep curl

Question 20

Advantages of 3RD CLASS LEVER

Answer 20

+Large range of movement
+Movement is fast
+Increase length of lever decrease MA

Question 21

Disadvantages of 3RD CLASS LEVER

Answer 21

-the amount of force applied must always exceed weight of load
LOW MA longer load arm than effort arm

Question 22

What is a PLANE?

Answer 22

an imaginary line that splits the body in two and depicts the direction of movement

Question 23

What is an AXIS?

Answer 23

a line about which the body rotates

Question 24

Description of FRONTAL plane and movement

Answer 24

side to side

>adduction, abduction

Question 25

Description of TRANSVERSE plane

Answer 25

spinning, twisting, turning

Question 26

Description of SAGITTAL plane movement

Answer 26

forwards and backwards

>flexion/ extension

Question 27

FRONTAL plane SAGITTAL axis sporting examples

Answer 27

side to side, spinning
>Cartwheel
>star jumps

Question 28

TRANSVERSE plane, LONGITUDINAL axis sporting examples

Answer 28

spinning, forwards and backwards
>discus thrower rotating in a circle
>360 twist ice skating

Question 29

SAGITTAL plane, TRANSVERSE axis sporting examples

Answer 29

forwards, backwards, side to side
>front somersault
>forward roll
>running