Ethical and socio-cultural issues in physical activity and sport (drugs, hooliganism/spectator behaviour)

Question 1

Disadvantages of taking performance enhancing drugs (PEDs)

Answer 1

>if caught, stripped off medals/ prizes
>if caught, lose sponsorship contract
>lead to ban
>seriuos side effects and health risks
>reputation and credibility of sport is damaged
>cheating and unethical

Question 2

Why take drugs to enhance performance?

Answer 2

>increased chance of success
>create a level playing field
>recover quickly from injury
>wealth
>fame from winning
>improve physical characteristics
> pressure from others to compete immoraly

Question 3

What athletes benefit from PEPTIDE HORMONES?

epo

Answer 3

> endurance events

>marathons

Question 4

What are performance enhancing drugs?

PED

Answer 4

substances or methods used by athletes to improve their performances often with harmful side effects which are all banned

Question 5

Effects of ANABOLIC STEROIDS

Answer 5

build muscle/ bone mass increasing strength and allows harder training

Question 6

Atheletes who will benefit from ANABOLIC STERIODS

Answer 6

> weight lifter

>100m sprinter

Question 7

Effects of BETA BLOCKERS

Answer 7

lowers your heart rate and reduces anxiety levels

Question 8

Athletes who would benefit from BETA BLOCKERS

Answer 8

> archery

>snooker

Question 9

Effect of DIURETICS

Answer 9

increases the amount of urine produced which helps weight loss

Question 10

What athletes would benefit from DIURECTICS

Answer 10

> jockey

>boxer

Question 11

Effect of NARCOTIC ANALGESICS

Answer 11

help reduce pain, especially during excersise

Question 12

What athletes benefit from NARCOTIC ANALGESICS

Answer 12

> swimmer
boxer
rugby

Question 13

Effect of STIMULANTS

Answer 13

increase alertness and overcome tiredness

Question 14

What athletes benefit from STIMULANTS

Answer 14

> tennis players

>footballer

Question 15

Effect of PEPTIDE HORMONES epo

Answer 15

increases the number of red blood cells which provides more oxygen and increases muscle mass

Question 16

Side effects of taking ANABOLIC STEROIDS

Answer 16

>liver cancer
>infertility
>hairloss
>acne
>aggression
>depression
>high blood pressure, heart attack, heart disease

Question 17

Side effects of taking BETA BLOCKERS

Answer 17

> nausea
heart disease
tiredness

Question 18

Side effects of taking DIURECTICS

Answer 18

> dehydration
increased risk of heart and kidney failure
risk or muscle cramps
headaches/ tiredness

Question 19

Side effects of NARCOTIC ANALGESICS

Answer 19

> respiratory depression
increased risk of constipation
addictive
increased pain may lead to further injury

Question 20

What is a drug?

Answer 20

a substance that has physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body

Question 21

Side effects of STIMULANTS?

Answer 21

>increased risk of headaches
>high blood pressure
>risk of strokes
>risk of irregular heart beat
>risk of anxiety
>addictive and overdose can kill you
>cause poor judgement leading to accidents

Question 22

Side effects of PEPTIDE HORMONES

Answer 22

> blood becomes more viscous
increased risk of heart attack
increased risk of stroke and embolism (blockage in the blood vessel)

Question 23

What is BLOOD DOPING?

Answer 23

1) remove blood a couple weeks before competition
2) freeze the blood
3) human blood replenishes in the mean time
4) 1-2 days before competetion the frozen blood is thawed and reinjected
5) the body now has more thicker and more blood carrying more o2

Question 24

Dangers of BLOOD DOPING?

Answer 24

> thickening of blood- overincreasing blood volume
potential for heart attack
potential infection from needles
blocking of blood vessels

Question 25

Benefits of BLOOD DOPING

Answer 25

>more red blood cells >increased capacity to carry oxygen >endurance for long distance athletes

Question 26

Positives of SPECTATOR BEHAVIOUR

Answer 26

>creates an energetic atmosphere >helps to boost home field advantage for home team with a positive chant or song to demotivate the away team >a source of revenue for the club/ team/ sport >increase the profile of the sport

Question 27

Negatives of SPECTATOR BEHAVIOUR

Answer 27

>cause crowd trouble/ hooliganism/ violence >pressure on teams/ performers >scare of younger performers- reducing the number of young performers that take part in events with big crowds >cost implications if crowd trouble > which can lead to bad reputation on the club >less people will attend so less income >may create the team being banned from an event or fined

Question 28

What is HOOLIGANISM?

Answer 28

the disorderly, aggressive and often violent behavior by spectators at sporting events

Question 29

What is a HOME FIELD ADVANATAGE?

Answer 29

gaining an advantage in a sporting event from being in familiar surroundings, with the majority of the spectators supporting you

Question 30

What causes hooliganism?

Answer 30

>big rivalry between other teams >media hype if its an important game >alcohol/ drugs >frustration eg from losing a local derby leads to fights >display of masculinity to impress others

Question 31

Strategies to prevent hooliganism

Answer 31

>alcohol restrictions in and around the stadium >travel restriction and banning orders on known trouble makers >all seater stadia to prevent crowd surges and crushes >segregation of fans in sperate parts of the stadium and the away fans are normally escorted by the police >improved security with video surveillance, searches on entry, stewards >educating spectators with promotional campaigns to encourage good behaviour >early kick offs to reduce the alcohol consumption

Question 32

What is ETIQUETTE?

Answer 32

A convention or unwritten rule in an activity. Not enforcable but demonstrates respect for the sport and their opponents

Question 33

Examples of ETIQUETTE?

Answer 33

>kicking the ball out of play in football when a player is injured >shaking hands with the official after the game

Question 34

What is SPORTSMANSHIP?

Answer 34

conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of the sport- being gracious whether you win or lose

Question 35

Examples of SPORTSMANSHIP?

Answer 35

>in cricket a batsman will 'walk' when they know they have hit the ball and been caught even if the umpire didnt see >indicating the ball came off you last before going out of play

Question 36

What is GAMESMANSHIP?

Answer 36

attempting to gain an advantage by streching the rules to their limit

Question 37

Examples of GAMESMANSHIP?

Answer 37

>time wasting in a sport | >pretending to be injured in football so the ball is kicked out of play

Question 38

What is CONTRACT TO COMPETE?

Answer 38

an unwritten agreement between opponents ti follow and abide by the written rules of the sport

Question 39

Examples of CONTRACT TO COMPETE

Answer 39

``` >not arguing with officials >following the etiquette of the sport >play to the best of your ability >not take peds >avoid unsportsmanlike behaviour ```