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PE > Engagement patterns of different social groups in physical activity and sport/ factors affecting participation > Flashcards

Engagement patterns of different social groups in physical activity and sport/ factors affecting participation Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical health and well-being?

A

all body systems working well, free from illness and injury and able to carry out everyday tasks

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2
Q

Benefits of physical well-being

A 
>improves heart function
>improves the effiency of body systems
>helps avoid obesity
>enables you to carry out everyday tasks
>reduces risk of illness
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3
Q

What is mental health and well being?

A

a state of well being in which a person realises their potential, is able to cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to their community

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4
Q

Benefits of maintaining a good mental well being

A

> reduces levels of stress and tension
releases feel good hormones
helps control emotions better

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5
Q

What is social well being?

A

all basic human needs are met also are socially active , experience little stress in social situations, have friends and a support network

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6
Q

Benefits of social health and well being

A

> provides opportunities to socialise and make friends
have essential human needs
promotes teamwork and cooperation

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7
Q

What is Fitness?

A

ability to meet the demands of the environment

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8
Q

Benefits of maintaining levels of fitness

A

> improves fitness levels
ensures you are physically able to work
reduces chance of injury

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9
Q

What is a sedentary lifestyle?

A

one that involves ireegular or no physical activity

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10
Q

Consequences of living a sedentary lifestyle

A 
>obesity/ weight gain
>risk of hypertension- high blood pressure
>increased lethargy
>heart disease
>poor self esteem
>mental health issues
>type 2 diabetes
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11
Q

What is obesity?

A

people with a high fat content, caused by an imbalance in the number of calories consumed and energy expended

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12
Q

BMI formula

A

weight//height2

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13
Q

Affects of obesity on physical ill health

A 
>become fatigued quick
>increased risk of cancer
>heart disease
>risk of hypertension
>tupe 2 diabetes
>increased pressure on joints
>high cholestrol
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14
Q

Affects of obesity on mental ill health

A

> lose confidence/ self esteem
lack of motivation
increased risk of depression

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15
Q

Affects of obesity on social ill health

A

> unable to socialse lead to poor mental health

>increased risk of being unable to leave home due to lose of confidence

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16
Q

Factors that affect the individual shape of a person

A 
>height
>weight
>body fat
>muscle girth
>bone size
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17
Q

What is a somatotype?

A

a way to describe body build, looking at how fat, muscular, linear the body is

18
Q

What is an ENDOMORPH?

A

pear shaped body tendency towards fatness. wide hips, narrow shoulders. hard for weight nearing; bulk can be advantage

19
Q

Types of ENDOMORPHS

A

sumo wrestler

20
Q

What is a MESOMORPH?

A

muscular appearance
wide shoulders and narrow hips
excel in strength, agility and speed

21
Q

Examples of a MESOMORPH

A

gymnast

goalkeeper

22
Q

What is an ECTOMORPH?

A

tall and thin, narrow shoulders and hips
little muscle or fat
slight build- not suited to power
succed in endurance events

23
Q

Examples of an ECTOMORPH

A

jockey

24
Q

Factors affecting participation in sport

GENDER/ discrimination

A

> Women are the weaker sex not allowed to compete in distance races than 800m in the olympics in 1960
sports are traditionally male making it harder for women to participate
sport played at elite levels by women are less likely to recieve as much media coverage then men
the amout of money recieved from elite performers often fail to meet the match that a male competitor recieves at the same level
women have the tendency to juggle different things in their lives
women dont have time to take part in sport due to being busy at home
fewer female role models in sport than men so younger people have limited female role models to aspire to

25
Q

Factors affecting participation in sport

ETHNICITY

A

> captains, managers and coaches from ethnic minority backgrounds are low
participation by people in an ethnic minority background is often limited to activities that are traditionally associated with that ethnic group
religious day affect when performers can play
clothing- some religions don’t allow women to show their skin so have to cover up hindering their performance
fasting- athletes will have less energy to perform so they wont perform as well

26
Q

Factors affecting participation in sport

AGE

A

> activity levels peak between 16-25 as people generally have more free time and its cheaper to take part
beyond 25 there is fewer free time and less disposable income to spend on sport as there’s more of a focus on their careers or family therefore reducing participation

27
Q

Effecting of AGING on the body

A

> flexibility decreases
strength decreases from around the age of 40 peak at 25
tidal volume and stroke volume decrease making it harder to get more oxygen to working muscles
skill levels can improve with age and experience
oxygen capacity decreases after the age of 25 the bodys ability to take in and use oxygen decreases 1% each year
more likely to suffer injuries and it will take longer to recover

28
Q

What sports would a 13 year old take part in and why?

A

Gymnastics, dance, diving, trampoling
>more flexible
>more lighter and easier to carry own weight

29
Q

What sports would a 30 year old take part in and why?.

A 
Football, rugby, tennis, squash, marathons, cycling, hockey
>have high skill and strength levels
>increase muscle mass
>increase speed
>at their optimum state
30
Q

What sports would a 65 year old take part in and why?

A

Golf, snooker, swimming
>less impacts on joints and can be done at their own pace which protects the heart
>good for social benefits

31
Q

Factors affecting participation in sport

FAMILY

A

> if a family member enjoys physical activity they will pass on their positive attitudes, if negative its the opposite
providing transport- travelling to training and competitions
providing equipment- can be expensive therefore financial support may be needed
become a role model for their children
familys not able to afford the financial and time commitments required for participation

32
Q

Definition of DISABILITY

A

“a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long term effect on a persons ability to carry out normal daily activities”

33
Q

Positive effects of PEERS on participation/ performance

A

> participation with others in a group
encouragement
knowledge can be shared
advice given

34
Q

Negative effects of PEERS on participation/ performance

A

> can be a distraction
can be undermining
may ridicule efforts

35
Q

Positive effects of FAMILY on participation and performance

A 
>give guidance and advice
>support through time and effort
>coach from early age
>provide transport to venues
>financial support
>become a role model
36
Q

Negative effects of FAMILY on participation/ performance

A

> too much pressure to do well
can discourage due to time, effort and expense involved
could overlook childs talent in favour of another sport
bad personal experinces could be expressed to child
cant supply financial support

37
Q

Positive effects of GENDER on participation/ performance

A 
>tradition of women not playing certain sport is outdated
>more women encouraged to take part
>more competition is available
>depth of competition is improved
>good coaches available
>new trends can increase popularity
38
Q

Negative effects of GENDER on participation/ performance

A 
>lack of facilities for women
>lack of female coaches
>few other teams to compete against
>barries in the way of change
>people in positions of power may disagree with changes
39
Q

Negative effects of ETHINICITY on participation/ performance

A

> dress code- women not able to wear certain items could affect participation and performance
codes of behaviour
religious events- days of worship or fasting that could impair performance
some cultures see womens role in home, limiting leisure time

40
Q

Positive effects of DISABILITY on performance and participation

A

> media coverage London 2012 paralympics

>national governing bodies adapt rules to make accessible to all

41
Q

Negative effects of DISABILITY on participation and performance

A

> limited number of teachers and coaches with qualifications
not all local facilities have been adapted
limited clubs for people with disabilities
travelling can be problematic

PE (12 decks)

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