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Reproduction > Placentation > Flashcards

Placentation Flashcards

1
Q

Prototherian

A

egg laying
platypus, echidnas

first beasts

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2
Q

Metatherian

A

changed beasts

choriovitelline placenta- aka yolk sac
marsupials- kangaroos, koala, opossum

develop within pouch

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3
Q

Eutherian

A

true beasts

chorioallantoic placenta and the rest

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4
Q

Placenta

A

vascular organ formed in uterus during pregnancy

consisting of both maternal and embryonic/fetal tissues and providing O2 and nutrients for the fetus and transfer of waste products from fetal to maternal blood circulation

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5
Q

Placenta structure

A

chorioallantoic on fetal side connected to endometrium on maternal side

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6
Q

fetal membranes

A

membranes that function for the protection or nourishment or respiration or excretion of developing fetus

yolk sac, then amnion, then allantois (large) and chorion

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7
Q

time comparisons from ovulation during cleavage for different farm species

A

enter uterus on different days

cattle= 3-5
horse= 5
sheep=3
swine= 2

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8
Q

development of allantochorion

A

start with inner cell mass within blastocoel
the ICM forms an embryo and enters blastocoel
yolk sac forms which is the 1st fetal membrane, for early nourishment
mesoderm begins to fold and amnionic folds begin to surround the embryo
primitive gut below embryo and yolk sac shrinks as allantois begins to expand
mesoderm and trophectoderm together form chorion
allantois expands getting larger and an amnionic cavity surrounds the embryo

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9
Q

attachment of the placenta to the uterus

A

implantation

cow= day 30-35 
sow= 12-20 
ewe= 18-20 
mare= 50-60
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10
Q

roles of the placenta

A 
nutrient exchange
gas exchange 
stores waste 
protective 
endocrine organ
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11
Q

fetal membranes

A

yolk sac, amnion, allantois and chorion

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12
Q

Yolk sac

A

early nutrition for the embryo (usually regresses completely)

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13
Q

Amnion

A

transparent membrane surrounding the fetus, protects fetus from injury, provides lubrication for parturition, reservoir for urine and wastes

protection (cushion), waste, and nutrient exchange

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14
Q

Allantois

A

blood supply for chorion
waste

fuses with chorion and carries blood vessels of placenta, reservoir for nutrients and wastes, umbilical cord attaches fetus to allantois

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15
Q

Chorion

A

maternal interface
nutrient and gas exchange

attaches to uterus, absorbs nutrients from uterus, allows maternal/fetal gas exchange, produces hormones

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16
Q

placenta makeup

A

endometrium + chorion and allantois

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17
Q

placenta classification

A

distribution of contact areas- shape

tissue layers separating maternal and fetal blood- invasion

degree of interdigitation of the vasculature

maternal tissue loss at birth

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18
Q

4 distributions of contact areas

A

diffuse, cotyledonary, zonary, discoid

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19
Q

diffuse

A

villi everywhere

horse and pig

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20
Q

cotyledonary

A

rows and very specific numbers

ewe and cow

21
Q

placentome

A

caruncle + cotyledon

caruncle on maternal side, interacts with cotyledon which is on fetal side

22
Q

zonary

A

single (band aid appearance)- dog and cat

double (band aid appearance)- ferret and raccoon

23
Q

discoid

A

monkey, man and rodent

24
Q

layers separating maternal and fetal circulation

A

6 layers
fetal layers= endothelium, connective tissue and epithelium
maternal layers= epithelium, connective tissue, endothelium

maternal and fetal blood will not mix, don’t erode enough

25
Q

Five layer separation

A

same as 6 but one less layer on the maternal side

no epithelium

26
Q

Four layer separation

A

same as 5 layer separation but no connective tissue

27
Q

Three layer separation

A

Only fetal side with maternal layer similar to deciduate

28
Q

Epitheliochorial

A

5-6 layers
synepitheliochorial (transiently 5 layers) - ruminant placenta, mostly bovine, partial erosion

horse, pig, cattle, sheep and goats
starts at maternal endometrial capillary and travels to chorionic capillary

ruminants= both partial and transient erosions of endometrium

29
Q

Endotheliochorial

A

4-5 layers

carnivores, from endometrial capillary to chorionic capillary

30
Q

Hemochorial

A

3 layers (only on fetal side)

maternal blood pool goes to fetus

primates and rodents

31
Q

Ruminant species epitheliochorial

A

binucleate cells- chorionic origin, fuse with maternal epithlium= syncytium, placental lactogen, and specific proteins

Binucleate giant cells migrate into maternal side as grow and then enter maternal circulation

32
Q

Pig interdigitation

A

folded type

33
Q

Horse interdigitation

A

lamellar type

34
Q

human interdigitation

A

trabecular type

35
Q

cattle interdigitation

A

villous type

36
Q

dog interdigitation

A

labyrinthine type

37
Q

maternal tissue lost at birth

A

non-deciduate/adeciduate (non invasive)

deciduate (endometrial loss)

38
Q

non-deciduate/adeciduate

A

complete separation of maternal and fetal tissues

sow, mare ruminant

in mare= micro cotyledons and in sow= chorionic villi

39
Q

deciduate placenta

A

loss of maternal tissue at parturition

carnivores, humans and rodents

40
Q

diffuse placenta: sow

A

necrotic tips of the placenta

folded with areolae (chorionic villi)
diffuse, epitheliochorial, adeciduate placenta

41
Q

diffuse placenta mare

A

microcotyledons= villi in clumps

diffuse, epitheliochorial, adeciduate placenta

42
Q

twins in horses

A

not enough placental attachment to survive

43
Q

ruminant species

A

cotyledonary, epitheliochorial, adeciduate placenta

amnion around fetus
placentomes and chorioallantois

44
Q

convex cotyledons

A

cow and giraffe

caruncular tissue intermingles with chorionic tissue

45
Q

concave cotyledons

A

sheep and goat

chorionic tissue deeper within caruncular tissue

46
Q

membrane slip

A

2 layers and can feel separation

47
Q

carnivore species placenta

A

zonary, endotheliochorial, and deciduate placenta

pigmented zone around TZ (bandaid appearance)

on maternal side- marginal hematomas (source of iron)
hematophagous zone= phagocytosis of RBC by chorionic epithelium
heme converted to green biliverdin (pigment) = seen on edge of chorion and allantois

48
Q

placenta in the cat

A

larger zonary placenta around amnion

49
Q

primate placenta

A

discoid, hemochorial, deciduate placenta

Reproduction (22 decks)

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