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Reproduction > Male Histology > Flashcards

Male Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Testis

A

production of sperm and testosterone

tunica albuginea, seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue, mediastinum (loose connective tissue)

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2
Q

Tunica Albuginea

A

dense irregular connective tissue capsule, stratum vascularis
connective tissue septa divide testis into lobules

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3
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

contain developing germ cells
sertoli cells
peritubular myoid cells

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4
Q

Interstitial tissue

A

surrounds seminiferous tubules

leydig cells and blood vessels

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5
Q

Mediastinum

A

loose connective tissue, rete testis

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6
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

lined by stratified germinal epithelium- spermatogenic cells (developing germ cells), supporting cells= sertoli cells

each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules which are surrounded by peritubular myoid cells

interstitial tissue- located between seminiferous tubules- contain leading cells, vasculature and lymphatic channels

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7
Q

Vascularization

A

extensive vasculature surrounds the seminiferous tubules for transport of hormones and nutrients for spermatogenesis

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8
Q

spermatogonium

A

diploid (2n), development and renewal

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9
Q

Primary spermatocyte

A

diploid (2n), meiotic division I

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10
Q

secondary spermatocyte

A

haploid (1n)

meiotic division II

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11
Q

spermatid

A

early and late spermatid, spermiogenesis

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12
Q

spermatozoa

A

spermiation

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13
Q

development variation

A

can see multiple stages in seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

developing germ cells

A

need sertoli cells- support cells

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15
Q

Sertoli cells

A

extend from basal lamina to lumen of seminiferous tubules

functions:
1. provide proper microenvironment for developing sperm cells
2. synthesize inhibit and androgen binding protein (ABP)- helps bind testosterone to make available to developing leydig cells
3. phagocytize regressive spermatozoa and residual bodies
4. form a blood-testis barrier through tight junctions

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16
Q

Sertoli cells- blood testis barrier

A

immunological protection of haploid cells

sertoli cells separated into basal and adluminal compartments

sequesters haploid germ cells residing in the adluminal compartment from immune suppression

created by simultaneous formation and breakdown of tight junctions between sertoli cell cytoplasmic processes

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17
Q

interstitial tissue

A

same as adventitial tissue

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18
Q

Leydig cells

A

located in interstitial tissue of the testis
secrete testosterone under regulation of LH from the pituitary

have foamy cytoplasm due to steroid production (cholesterol esters)

also interstitial cells

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19
Q

straight tubules

A

tubuli recti

connect the convoluted seminiferous tubules to the rete testis

lined by simple cuboidal or simple squamous epithelium (species specific)

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20
Q

rete testis

A

transport of sperm from seminiferous tubules to efferent ducts

network of randomly anastomosing tubules in the mediastinum

lined by simple cuboidal or simple squamous epithelium (species specific)

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21
Q

Excurrent duct system

A

efferent ductules, ductus epididymis, ductus deferens

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22
Q

efferent ductules

A

connect the rete testis with initial segment of the epididymis

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23
Q

ductus epididymis

A

resorption of fluid and androgen binding protein

sperm maturation, sperm storage

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24
Q

ductus deferens

A

transport sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct (or urethra) at ejaculation

25
Q

efferent ductules

A

transport of sperm from testis to epididymis

ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

epithelium contains cells of varying height creating a scalloped appearance

cell types= tall ciliated cells and short absorptive cells

surrounded by thin smooth muscle

26
Q

ductus epididymis

A

site of sperm maturation and storage

sperm maturation- migration and loss of cytoplasmic droplets, acquire fertilizing capacity, acquire motility, coated with decapacitation factors

sperm storage (cauda)- adrenergic sympathetic control of smooth muscles that aid in ejaculation, immobilization of sperm

27
Q

ductus epididymis cells

A

principal cells- pseudo stratified columnar epithelium, stereo ciliated, secretory and absorptive

basal cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes

smooth muscle- thickens towards cauda (towards tail of epididymis)

extensive vascular network surrounds the duct

28
Q

ductus deferens

A

carrying away vessel- transports sperm from epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation

tunica mucosa- pseudo stratified or simple columnar epithelium, basal cells, some stereo cilia

tunica muscularis (thick)- 3 layers of smooth muscle

29
Q

Accessory sex glands

A

to collectively create the seminal plasma (non-sperm portion)

ampullary glands, vesicular glands (seminal vesicle), prostate, bulbourethral gland (cowpers gland)

30
Q

ejaculate

A

contains spermatozoa from epididymis and seminal plasma from accessory glands

31
Q

ampulla and vesicular glands

A

converge to form ejaculatory duct or empty separately into urethra depending on species

32
Q

prostate and bulbourethral galnds

A

empty directly into urethra

33
Q

comparative accessory sex glands

A

boar has no ampullary glands; dog has no vesicular or bulbourethral glands

cats have neither ampullary nor vesicular glands

34
Q

ampullary glands

A

terminal dilation of the ductus deferent just prior to converging with the urethra

branched tubuloalveolar glands, rich in glycogen and lipid droplets which are added to seminal fluid
possible site of sperm storage

present in stallion, ruminants, dog and elephant- absent in boar and cat

35
Q

Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)

A

paired tubuloalveolar glands located dorsoventral to the urinary bladder

pseudo stratified to simple columnar epithelium w/ sparse basal cells 
secrete lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) and glycogen 
comprises 30-70% of ejaculate, depending on species
36
Q

duct system arrangement

A

pinnate- feather like

37
Q

vesicular glands

A

seminal vesicles, septa consists of connective tissue and smooth muscle strands

38
Q

prostate gland anatomy

A

body of prostate surrounds the pelvic urethra

disseminate prostate is embedded in the lamina proprio/submucosa of pelvic urethra

39
Q

prostate gland

A

mucus secreting portion

compound tubuloalveolar gland (seromucous secretion) with multiple ducts opening into the urethra

cuboidal or columnar epithelium, connective tissue capsule contains smooth muscle

secretes proteolytic enzymes, electrolytes, citric acid

15-30% of ejaculate but depends on species

40
Q

prostate gland

A

stallion only has body, some ruminants only have disseminate portion

corpora amylacea- small prostatic concretions of unknown significance- occur with increasing age

41
Q

bulbourethral (cowpers) gland

A

secretion of mucous like fluid that flushes and lubricates the urethra prior to ejaculation

compound tubular in boar, cat and deer
tubuloalveolar in stallion, bull and ram
absent in dogs

42
Q

alveolus

A

a sac like dilation

43
Q

bulbourethral cowpers gland epithelium

A

tall pale basophilic columnar epithelium with basally located nuclei

fibroelastic capsule contains variable amounts of smooth and striated muscle

comprises 1-5% of ejaculate, depending on species

44
Q

penis

A

epidermis, tunica albuginea, corpora cavernosa, urethra, corpus spongiosum, retractor penis

45
Q

epidermis

A

stratified squamous epithelium and underlying dermis covering surface

46
Q

tunica albuginea

A

thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue deep to dermis
it is sometimes split into an outer layer and an inner layer that comprises the capsule of the corpus cavernosum

47
Q

corpora cavernosa

A

paired large bodies of erectile tissue located dorsal to the urethra
the blood sinuses are lined by a squamous endothelium and surrounded by a dense connective tissue capsule rich in elastic fibers

48
Q

urethra

A

lined by a very thin layer of transitional epithelium

49
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

smaller, medial body of erectile tissue surrounding the urethra

often accompanied by midline artery

50
Q

retractor penis

A

bundle of smooth muscle ventral to the urethra and corpus spongiosum (musculocavernous penis)

51
Q

urethra

A

2 regions- pelvic urethra, penile urethra

prostatic portion from bladder to prostate
membranous portion from prostate to bulb
spongiose portion from bulb distally

mucosal folds distend during erection or urination

tunica muscularis is smooth muscle near bladder, skeletal muscle more distally

52
Q

pelvic urethra

A

mucosa- mucous glands in horses and cats mostly transitional epithelium (similar to bladder)
longitudinal folds

submucosa- stratum cavernosum, erectile tissue containing thin walled veins, analogous to corpus spongiosum of penile urethra

muscularis- inner longitudinal/middle circular/outer longitudinal smooth muscle
striated urethral muscle replaces middle circular layer at prostate

53
Q

penile urethra mucosa

A

mostly lined by transitional epithelium, but variable

becomes stratified squamous at the urethral opening

contains mucous glands in horses and pigs

54
Q

penile urethra submucosa

A

corpus spongiosum- erectile vascular sinuses

55
Q

penile urethra muscularis

A

sparse smooth muscle

56
Q

Bull penis

A

fibroelastic

sigmoid flexure, inflate and extend

57
Q

Stallion penis

A

musculocavernous

retractor penis muscle

58
Q

Canine penis

A

intermediate

Os penis- bone between the urethra and the corpora cavernosa

Reproduction (22 decks)

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