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Female Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Broad Ligament

A

mesometrium (uterus)
mesosalpinx (oviducts)
mesovarium (ovaries)

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2
Q

ovaries

A

egg keeper

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3
Q

ovary surface epithelium

A

continuous with mesovarium

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4
Q

ovary tunica albuginea

A

dense irregular connective tissue, thinner in testis

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5
Q

ovary cortex

A

follicles and corpora lute, atretica, and albicans

interstitial glands secrete estrogen, prominent in dogs, cats and rodents

stroma= specialized connective tissue with fibroblasts and extensive blood lymphatic capillaries

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6
Q

Ovary Medulla

A

loose connective tissue and strands of smooth muscle

large blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

rete ovarii- emrbyonic remnants equivalent to rete testis

hilus cells- produce steroid hormones

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7
Q

Ovaries anatomic variability

A

cow has medulla on inside, cortex outside
horse opposite plus ovulation fossa
sow has irregular cortex

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8
Q

Follices vary in size

A

according to stage

born with lots of primordial follicles before differentiating or dying (athletic)

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9
Q

Follicular development

A

majority within the cortex, not tunica albuginea or medulla

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10
Q

Primordial follicle

A

single layer of squamous epithelium (mesoderm origin)

primary oocyte from primordial germ cells of yolk sac endoderm

they may not be present in adults of some species

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11
Q

Primary follicle

A

primary oocyte activates, enlarges, begins to produce zona pellucida

follicular cells become cuboidal, not squamous

stromal cells form theca

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12
Q

Secondary Follicle

A

zona pellucida now visible, glycoprotein membrane surrounding plasma membrane of oocyte

binds spermatozoa, necessary for acrosomal rxn

follicular cells multiple into several layers- become granulosa cells, retaining basal lamina at periphery

thecal layers begin to elaborate

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13
Q

Late secondary

A

larger secondary

no antrum but vesicles coalescing into antrum

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14
Q

Early Tertiary

A

multiple granulosa layers, larger

antrum on the insure, granulosa, theca internal and externa

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15
Q

Tertiary Follicle (graafian follicle)

A

follicular fluid formed from granulosa cells and blood filtrate accumulates in spaces (when merge= antrum)

granulosa cells differentiate

theca interna (epitheliod steroidogenic cells, blood and lymph capillaries)

theca externa (fibroblastic layer, thecal cone points towards ovarian surface)

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16
Q

Granulosa cell differentiated during tertiary stage

A

columnar corona radiate cells adjacent to zona pellucida

cumulus cells surrounding corona

membrana granulosa cells lining follicle wall

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17
Q

Ovulation

A
  1. thinning of thecal layers
  2. buildup of follicular fluid
  3. follicular stigma, site of rupture
  4. rupture of follicle releases oocyte, zona pellucida, corona radiate, and cumulus
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18
Q

post ovulation

A

corpus hemorrhagicum- from ruptured vessels

folding in collapsing follicular wall and presence of blood

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19
Q

Corpus lutem

A

ovulating follicles, thickening to form CL

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20
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

yellow body

remaining follicular wall collapses and granulosa cells become lutein cells- larger

theca interna cells become theca lutein cells (smaller)

luteinization- hypertrophy, hyperplasia, accumulation of lipid pigment

invasion by capillaries- b/c endocrine hormone released

becomes endocrine gland, predominantly producing progesterone

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21
Q

Theca lutein cells

A

progesterone

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22
Q

Granulosa lutein cells

A

estrogen

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23
Q

Corpus albicans

A

white body

if no pregnancy CL degenerates and invaded by connective tissue

if does occur CL enlarges further prior to degrading forming the corpus albicans after parturition

24
Q

Corpus Atreticum

A

athletic follicle

forms from follicles that fail to complete development

oocyte liquefies

zona pellucida thickens and folds- collapses

connective tissue invades follicle and theca internal may under luteinization, forming interstitial gland

25
Tunica mucosa
most interior, near lumen- 3 potential divisions lamina epithelialis mucosa (lines lumen)- epithelium plus basal lamina lamina propria mucosa- may contain lymph nodules and glands lamina muscularis mucosa- often intermittent or absent
26
Tunica submucosa
glands that open to lumen
27
tunica muscularis
inner circular, outer longitudinal
28
Tunica serosa or adventitia
surrounds outside, serosa if adjacent to body cavity adventitia if surrounded by connective tissue
29
Tubular organs
Tunica serosa/adventitia, tunica muscularis followed by tunica submucosa and tunica mucosa
30
Oviducts
in female mammals known as uterine or Fallopian tubes comparatively there are species dependent specializations of tubes
31
Oviduct pathway
ovary releases oocyte through ampulla and isthmus (zygote to morula) then to blastocyst for implantation
32
Ampulla oviduct
large lumen lead from infundibulum mucosa: extensive, branched folds, ciliated cells predominate in epithelium muscularis: circular and longitudinal (helical) smooth muscle
33
oviduct isthmus
small lumen mucosa: folds are simple, forming grooves or pockets; secretory cells usually predominate over ciliated cells in epithelium musclaris: thicker in ampulla, can constrict the lumen
34
comparative anatomy uterus
duplex- marsupials bipartite- rodents bicornate- ungulates and carnivores simplex- primates
35
Tunics of the uterus
lumen inside, endometrium (tunica mucosa), myometrium (lamina muscularis) stratum vascular and outer longitudinal folds
36
Estrus
estrogen high, progesterone low, glandular epithelium, proliferates, hemorrhage maximal
37
Diestrus
estrogen low, progesterone high, glandular hyperplasia and coiling hemorrhage maximal without fertilization all activity declines
38
Anestrus
period of sexual quiescence between estrus cycles of mammals prolonged period in monstrous animals (dogs) or seasonally polyestrous animals (sheep), OR prolonged period of failure of estrus in mature non pregnant, polyestrous animals estrogen and progesterone low with sparse glands at minimum complexity
39
Diffuse placenta
horse and pig, long and large
40
cotyledonary placenta
cow and sheep, regular
41
zonary placenta
cat and dog, bandaid appearance
42
Discoidal placenta
humans and mouse, placenta over fetal membrane
43
nondeciduate placenta
material and fetal tissue remains distinct glands on maternal side, clean cut when parturition takes place
44
Deciduate placenta
removal of placenta can lead to hemorrhage complex arrangement between maternal and fetal side
45
Bovine caruncle
where placenta attaches (maternal side) placentome- connection to cotyledon (fetal side)
46
Sheep
Melanophore containing caruncles
47
Cervix
valve like entrance that safeguards uterus, open during estrus and parturition species variation in anatomy and mucus production, mainly related to site of sperm deposition- when sperm deposited in vagina (bovine, human), mucus secreted copiously
48
Mucosa
folded, structure of folds vary with species; many goblet cells mucus character varies with cycle and pregnancy; lamina propria becomes edematous during estrus
49
Cervix muscularis
inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle, elastic fibers predominant in circular layer
50
Vagina
stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, smooth muscle, adventitia ruggae
51
vagina mucosa
outermost layer, highly folded, stratified squamous- estrogen stimulates cornification
52
vagina muscularis
thick- 2 to 3 layers
53
Mammary glands
amount vary
54
Udder
epithelial cells produce milk, tubular alveolar
55
Mammary glands- lactating
merocrine: proteins and carbs apocrine: lipids holocrine: sloughed secretory cells, macrophages, leukocytes corpora amylacea: concentrations of milk and cellular detritus
56
resting mammary glands
parenchyma reduced and replaced by loose connective tissue extensive lymphocyte infiltration
57
Mesovarium
surface epithelium continuous with this

Reproduction (22 decks)

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