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Reproduction > Female Histology > Flashcards

Female Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Broad Ligament

A

mesometrium (uterus)
mesosalpinx (oviducts)
mesovarium (ovaries)

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2
Q

ovaries

A

egg keeper

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3
Q

ovary surface epithelium

A

continuous with mesovarium

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4
Q

ovary tunica albuginea

A

dense irregular connective tissue, thinner in testis

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5
Q

ovary cortex

A

follicles and corpora lute, atretica, and albicans

interstitial glands secrete estrogen, prominent in dogs, cats and rodents

stroma= specialized connective tissue with fibroblasts and extensive blood lymphatic capillaries

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6
Q

Ovary Medulla

A

loose connective tissue and strands of smooth muscle

large blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

rete ovarii- emrbyonic remnants equivalent to rete testis

hilus cells- produce steroid hormones

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7
Q

Ovaries anatomic variability

A

cow has medulla on inside, cortex outside
horse opposite plus ovulation fossa
sow has irregular cortex

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8
Q

Follices vary in size

A

according to stage

born with lots of primordial follicles before differentiating or dying (athletic)

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9
Q

Follicular development

A

majority within the cortex, not tunica albuginea or medulla

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10
Q

Primordial follicle

A

single layer of squamous epithelium (mesoderm origin)

primary oocyte from primordial germ cells of yolk sac endoderm

they may not be present in adults of some species

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11
Q

Primary follicle

A

primary oocyte activates, enlarges, begins to produce zona pellucida

follicular cells become cuboidal, not squamous

stromal cells form theca

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12
Q

Secondary Follicle

A

zona pellucida now visible, glycoprotein membrane surrounding plasma membrane of oocyte

binds spermatozoa, necessary for acrosomal rxn

follicular cells multiple into several layers- become granulosa cells, retaining basal lamina at periphery

thecal layers begin to elaborate

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13
Q

Late secondary

A

larger secondary

no antrum but vesicles coalescing into antrum

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14
Q

Early Tertiary

A

multiple granulosa layers, larger

antrum on the insure, granulosa, theca internal and externa

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15
Q

Tertiary Follicle (graafian follicle)

A

follicular fluid formed from granulosa cells and blood filtrate accumulates in spaces (when merge= antrum)

granulosa cells differentiate

theca interna (epitheliod steroidogenic cells, blood and lymph capillaries)

theca externa (fibroblastic layer, thecal cone points towards ovarian surface)

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16
Q

Granulosa cell differentiated during tertiary stage

A

columnar corona radiate cells adjacent to zona pellucida

cumulus cells surrounding corona

membrana granulosa cells lining follicle wall

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17
Q

Ovulation

A
  1. thinning of thecal layers
  2. buildup of follicular fluid
  3. follicular stigma, site of rupture
  4. rupture of follicle releases oocyte, zona pellucida, corona radiate, and cumulus
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18
Q

post ovulation

A

corpus hemorrhagicum- from ruptured vessels

folding in collapsing follicular wall and presence of blood

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19
Q

Corpus lutem

A

ovulating follicles, thickening to form CL

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20
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

yellow body

remaining follicular wall collapses and granulosa cells become lutein cells- larger

theca interna cells become theca lutein cells (smaller)

luteinization- hypertrophy, hyperplasia, accumulation of lipid pigment

invasion by capillaries- b/c endocrine hormone released

becomes endocrine gland, predominantly producing progesterone

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21
Q

Theca lutein cells

A

progesterone

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22
Q

Granulosa lutein cells

A

estrogen

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23
Q

Corpus albicans

A

white body

if no pregnancy CL degenerates and invaded by connective tissue

if does occur CL enlarges further prior to degrading forming the corpus albicans after parturition

24
Q

Corpus Atreticum

A

athletic follicle

forms from follicles that fail to complete development

oocyte liquefies

zona pellucida thickens and folds- collapses

connective tissue invades follicle and theca internal may under luteinization, forming interstitial gland

25
Q

Tunica mucosa

A

most interior, near lumen- 3 potential divisions

lamina epithelialis mucosa (lines lumen)- epithelium plus basal lamina
lamina propria mucosa- may contain lymph nodules and glands
lamina muscularis mucosa- often intermittent or absent

26
Q

Tunica submucosa

A

glands that open to lumen

27
Q

tunica muscularis

A

inner circular, outer longitudinal

28
Q

Tunica serosa or adventitia

A

surrounds outside, serosa if adjacent to body cavity

adventitia if surrounded by connective tissue

29
Q

Tubular organs

A

Tunica serosa/adventitia, tunica muscularis followed by tunica submucosa and tunica mucosa

30
Q

Oviducts

A

in female mammals known as uterine or Fallopian tubes

comparatively there are species dependent specializations of tubes

31
Q

Oviduct pathway

A

ovary releases oocyte through ampulla and isthmus (zygote to morula) then to blastocyst for implantation

32
Q

Ampulla oviduct

A

large lumen lead from infundibulum

mucosa: extensive, branched folds, ciliated cells predominate in epithelium
muscularis: circular and longitudinal (helical) smooth muscle

33
Q

oviduct isthmus

A

small lumen

mucosa: folds are simple, forming grooves or pockets; secretory cells usually predominate over ciliated cells in epithelium
musclaris: thicker in ampulla, can constrict the lumen

34
Q

comparative anatomy uterus

A

duplex- marsupials
bipartite- rodents
bicornate- ungulates and carnivores
simplex- primates

35
Q

Tunics of the uterus

A

lumen inside, endometrium (tunica mucosa), myometrium (lamina muscularis)
stratum vascular and outer longitudinal folds

36
Q

Estrus

A

estrogen high, progesterone low, glandular epithelium, proliferates, hemorrhage maximal

37
Q

Diestrus

A

estrogen low, progesterone high, glandular hyperplasia and coiling
hemorrhage maximal

without fertilization all activity declines

38
Q

Anestrus

A

period of sexual quiescence between estrus cycles of mammals

prolonged period in monstrous animals (dogs) or seasonally polyestrous animals (sheep), OR
prolonged period of failure of estrus in mature non pregnant, polyestrous animals

estrogen and progesterone low with sparse glands at minimum complexity

39
Q

Diffuse placenta

A

horse and pig, long and large

40
Q

cotyledonary placenta

A

cow and sheep, regular

41
Q

zonary placenta

A

cat and dog, bandaid appearance

42
Q

Discoidal placenta

A

humans and mouse, placenta over fetal membrane

43
Q

nondeciduate placenta

A

material and fetal tissue remains distinct

glands on maternal side, clean cut when parturition takes place

44
Q

Deciduate placenta

A

removal of placenta can lead to hemorrhage

complex arrangement between maternal and fetal side

45
Q

Bovine caruncle

A

where placenta attaches (maternal side)

placentome- connection to cotyledon (fetal side)

46
Q

Sheep

A

Melanophore containing caruncles

47
Q

Cervix

A

valve like entrance that safeguards uterus, open during estrus and parturition

species variation in anatomy and mucus production, mainly related to site of sperm deposition- when sperm deposited in vagina (bovine, human), mucus secreted copiously

48
Q

Mucosa

A

folded, structure of folds vary with species; many goblet cells

mucus character varies with cycle and pregnancy; lamina propria becomes edematous during estrus

49
Q

Cervix muscularis

A

inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle, elastic fibers predominant in circular layer

50
Q

Vagina

A

stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, smooth muscle, adventitia

ruggae

51
Q

vagina mucosa

A

outermost layer, highly folded, stratified squamous- estrogen stimulates cornification

52
Q

vagina muscularis

A

thick- 2 to 3 layers

53
Q

Mammary glands

A

amount vary

54
Q

Udder

A

epithelial cells produce milk, tubular alveolar

55
Q

Mammary glands- lactating

A

merocrine: proteins and carbs
apocrine: lipids
holocrine: sloughed secretory cells, macrophages, leukocytes

corpora amylacea: concentrations of milk and cellular detritus

56
Q

resting mammary glands

A

parenchyma reduced and replaced by loose connective tissue

extensive lymphocyte infiltration

57
Q

Mesovarium

A

surface epithelium continuous with this

Reproduction (22 decks)

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