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Reproduction > Estrous Cycle > Flashcards

Estrous Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Estrus

A

heat

period of time when the female is sexualy receptive

standing heat= period of time when the female stands to be mated

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2
Q

Monoesterous

A

one estrous cycle per year

wolves, foxes, bears and dogs

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3
Q

Polyestrous

A

repeated estrous cycles are uniformly distributed throughout the year

cattle, swine, rodents

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4
Q

seasonally polyestrous

A

repeated estrous cycles for a portion of the year

horses, sheep, goats and cats

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5
Q

Diestrus

A

period of sexual quiescence separating phases of the estrous cycle in polyestrous animals

characterized by the activity of the CL which produces progesterone

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6
Q

Anestrus

A

period when female does not exhibit estrous cycles

ovaries are relatively inactive: no preovulatory follicles or CL

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7
Q

what causes anestrus

A

season, lactation, presence of offspring, pregnancy, stress and disease

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8
Q

Hormones

A

estrus- estrogen
diestrus- progesterone
anestrus-none?

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9
Q

Day 0 of estrus cycle

A

the estrous cycle begins and ends with estrus and/or ovulation

day of ovulation, or first day of estrus (species variations)

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10
Q

estrous cycle events

A

ovarian and behavioral

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11
Q

Ovarian events

A

follicular phase and luteal phase

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12
Q

Follicular phase

A

follicles are the dominant ovarian structure

20% of the estrous cycle

primary reproductive hormone is estradiol (E2)

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13
Q

Luteal phase

A

period from ovulation until CL regression

80% of the estrous cycle

primary reproductive hormone is progesterone (P4)

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14
Q

PGF 2a

A

causes progesterone to decrease and luteolysis to occur

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15
Q

Bovine estrous cycle phases

A

proestrus
estrus
metestrus
diestrus

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16
Q

Proestrus

A

early follicular phase

female attracts male but does not allow mating

17
Q

Estrus

A

follicular phase

period of sexual receptivity and mating

18
Q

Metestrus

A

early luteal phase

female is no longer receptive

19
Q

Diestrus

A

luteal phase

the female refuses the male

20
Q

Mare estrous cycle

A

2 stages only, estrus and diestrus

21
Q

endocrine events

A

proestrus- transition from progesterone dominance to estrogen dominance
estrus- estrogens
metestrus- transition from estrogen dominance to progesterone dominance
diestrus- period of maximum luteal function (progesterone)

22
Q

Estrogen

A

positive feedback on surge center in hypothalamus

negative feedback on anterior pituitary (LH and FSH)

23
Q

inhibin

A

negative feedback on anterior pituitary (LH and FSH), to decrease FSH secretion

released by follicle

24
Q

GnRH

A

produce in hypothalamus

acts on the pituitary to release FSH and LH

25
Q

FSH

A

released from the anterior pituitary

acts on the ovary to produce follicles

26
Q

Estradiol (E2)

A

released by the follicle, acts on brain to produce estrous behavior

triggers LH release presence of low P4 (+ feedback)

27
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone, formation of the CL

released from anterior pituitary, selection and maturation of follicles

LH surge to induce ovulation

28
Q

LH surge

A

occurs at day 0/estrus

29
Q

Induced ovulator

A

camelid and queen (cat)

copulation necessary for ovulation

30
Q

Luteal phase

A

P4 and prostaglandin

31
Q

Progesterone

A

P4

secreted by CL, responsible for maintaining pregnancy

inhibits release of LH

32
Q

Prostaglandin F2a

A

released by myometrium, lyses the CL (luteolysis)

progesterone falls and animal returns to estrus

33
Q

types of cyclicity

A

Polyestrous, seasonally polyestrous and monestrous

34
Q

Photoperiod

A

amount of daylight controls when animal will cycle

lack daylight increases melatonin secretion by pineal gland

melatonin acts on hypothalamus to either increase or decrease report hormones
short day breeders will cycle during fall/winter (ewe, doe)
long day breeders will not cycle during fall/winter (mare)

35
Q

Short day breeder

A

decreased light, increase melatonin and increase ovarian activity

increased melatonin increases GnRH-cyclicity

with increased daylight decrease GnRH

36
Q

Long day breeder

A

decreased light, increase melatonin, and decrease ovarian activity, decrease GnRH secretion-anestrus

with increased daylight increase GnRH

37
Q

Estrous cycle summary

A

physiologic events that occur between successive periods of sexual receptivity (estrus or heat) and/or ovulation

2-4 stages, spontaneous and induced ovulates

cyclicality of some females is affected by the amount of daylight

Reproduction (22 decks)

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