Pilliavan

Question 1

what is the aim of this study

Answer 1

to investigate under real life conditions the effect of several variables on helping behaviour

Question 2

what is the background of this study

Answer 2

The murder of Kitty Genovese who was attacked for 30 minutes and her screams woke up 38 of her neighbours yet no one rang the police for 20 minutes

Question 3

what is bystander apathy

Answer 3

when individuals do not offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present

Question 4

what is diffusion of responsibility

Answer 4

the tendancy of an individual towards inaction in an emergancy when there are other people as the responisbilty is shared between people

Question 5

what is the method

Answer 5

field experiment (new york subway)

Question 6

what are the three independent variables

Answer 6

1) type of victim (carrying a cane or drunk)
2)race of victim (black or white)
3)size of whitnessing group (naturally occuring)

Question 7

what are the 6 dependant variables

Answer 7

1) frequency of help
2)speed of help
3)race of helper
4)sex of helper
5)movement out of critical area
6)verbal comments by bystanders

Question 8

what was the sample

Answer 8

around 4,450 men and women who used the new york subway between 11am and 3pm weekdays between april 15 and june 26

Question 9

what were the victims

Answer 9

3 white, 1 black all male students

Question 10

what did the victim do?

Answer 10

stood near a pole and after 70 seconds staggered forward and collapsed
if no help by the next stop the model would help

Question 11

what are some controls of this experiment

Answer 11

victims all instructed to act a certain way
same train journey

Question 12

what are some of the key results?

Answer 12

cane victim received spontaneous help 95% of the time compared to drunk victim of 50%
overall, 100% help for cane victim and 81% for drunk victim

Question 13

what are some of the conclusions

Answer 13

an individual who appears more ill is more likely to receive help than a drunk
cost reward anaylsys

Question 14

what is cost reward analysis?

Answer 14

bystanders conduct a cost reward analysis before deicding to help. This is when the negative consequences of helping are compared to the reward of helping

Question 15

key theme question

Answer 15

who- 4450 men and women on the New York subway
what-investigating in real life settings the variables that affect helping behaviour
how- comparing a drunk victim who needs help to a victim with a cane who needs help
findings- 100% of times the victim with the cane was helped and only 81% for drunk

Question 16

relation to area theme

Answer 16

principle- human processes can be strongly influenced by the presence of individuals and groups
aim- to investigate in real life settings how variables affect helping behaviour
findings-100% of times the victim with a cane was helped but only 81% of variables affect helping behaviour

Question 17

what are some similarities between piliavan and levine

Answer 17

natural setting
ethical concerns- no consent
opportunity sample
independant measures design

Question 18

what are some differences between piliavan and levine

Answer 18

p- ethnocentric l-cross cultural

Question 19

what are two ethical considerations of this study

Answer 19

could not give consent
right to withdraw
deception

Question 20

what kind of validity can you discuss in terms of this study

Answer 20

high ecological validity
low internal validity

Question 21

does this study have sampling bias

Answer 21

no because the sample size was very large with both males and females as well as black and white ethnic groups