Loftus and Palmer

Question 1

What is the aim of the study

Answer 1

the effect of leading questionson an event memory specifially on changing a key word in the question

Question 2

what is the background to this study

Answer 2

schema theory backed by Barnetts theory
reconstructed memory is a combination of event, beliefs and past experinces
response bias is when participants alter their answer based on specific factors

Question 3

what is the method and design

Answer 3

lab experiment and independant measures design

Question 4

what is the iv of the first experiment

Answer 4

the verb in the leading question
smashed, bumped, hit, contacted and collided

Question 5

what is the dv of the first experiment

Answer 5

estimated speed given in mph

Question 6

what is the iv of the second experiment

Answer 6

wording of a quesyion (smashed or hit)

Question 7

what is the dv of the second experment

Answer 7

whether the participant answered yes or no to seeing smashed glass

Question 8

what is the sampling method

Answer 8

opportunity sample

Question 9

what are the two sample sizes

Answer 9

1) 45 students into 5 groups
2)150 students into 3 groups
undergarduate psychology students from washington university

Question 10

what were the resluts for the critical question

Answer 10

smashed- 40.5 mph
hit - 34 mph

Question 11

what are the results for the broken glass question

Answer 11

smashed 16 yes and 34 no
hit 7 yes and 43 no

Question 12

what are some of the conclusions for this experiment

Answer 12

the verb used in the question influences a persons response
incorrect information after an event can affect someones memory

Question 13

what were some controls of this study

Answer 13

double blind control- for demand characteristcs and experimenter effects
including additonal questions to control for demand characteristics
order of film clips were randomised for order effects

Question 14

key theme question

Answer 14

who- undergraduate students from washington uni
what- looked at eye whitness testimony and the effect of leading questions on memory
how- critical question ‘how fast were the cars going when they (smashed, bumped, collided, contacted, hit) eachother ?’
findings - participants with the verb smashed estimated a higher speed than those with the verb hit

Question 15

key area question

Answer 15

principle- the mind can be seen as an information processor its important to consider the input, process and output
aim- the effect of leading questions have on event memory. specifially on changing a key word in the question
Findings- participants who recieved the verb ‘smashed’ estimated a higher speed than those with the verb ‘hit’

Question 16

what are some similarities between loftus and palmer and grant

Answer 16

independant measures design
lab experiment
opportunity sample
informed consent
quantatative data

Question 17

what are some differences between loftus and palmer and grant

Answer 17

L+P- low ecological validity, sample was students
G-high ecological validity, sample was age 17-56