Piggott grids

Question 1

what are the four components of the precautionary principle - CARD (4)

Answer 1

1- Cause & effect uncertain
2- Acceptable, proportionate, targeted measure
3- Reasonable suspicion of harm
4- Duty to prevent potential harm

Question 2

what are some food safety controls (environmental conditions that can impact microbial survival), i.e. if you modify these factors you can reduce/eliminate pathogen growth - FAT TOM (6)

Answer 2

1- food: reduce food source for pathogen (proteins/carbs)
2- acidity: pathogens grow well in acidic-to-neutral zone (pH 0-7)
3- time: pathogens need time to grow
4- temperature: the danger zone is 5-60 degrees C (pathogens grow best here)
5- oxygen: some pathogens need oxygen to grow
6- moisture: pathogens need moisture to grow

Question 3

what are the microbiological parameters as part of the Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines - TTEEE (5)

Answer 3

1- enteric viruses
2- enteric protozoa
3- turbidity
4- total coliform
5- E. Coli

Question 4

what is the process for integrated pest management - IMPACtEd (6)

Answer 4

1. Identify: pest, its enemies, damage
2. Monitor: pest pop’n, environment
3. Prevention: of pest pop’n
4. Action threshold: for control action
5. Control: pest pop’n
6. Evaluation

Question 5

what is a risk assessment (1)

Answer 5

1- systematic and scientific evaluation to determine if exposure to a hazardous agent may cause harm to human health

Question 6

what are the steps to the risk assessment framework - HI DR EARC (4)

Answer 6

1- hazard identification
2- dose-response
3- exposure assessment
4- risk characterization

Question 7

what are the components to the multi-barrier approach to safe drinking water (10)

Answer 7

1- legislative and policy frameworks
2- public involvement and awareness
3- research, science and technology
4- guidelines, standards and objectives
5- water system management
6- source water protection
7- treatment
8- distribution system
9- monitoring/responding to parameters
10- drinking water advisories

Question 8

what is the AQHI - what do the letters stand for (1)

Answer 8

1- air quality health index

Question 9

what is the goal of AQHI (1)

Answer 9

1- reports on the health risk posed by a specific level of air quality, due to a mixture of pollutants

Question 10

what pollutants are included in AQHI calculation - PON (3)

Answer 10

1- ground-level ozone - O3
2- particulate matter - PM 2.5/10
3- nitrogen dioxide - NO2

Question 11

what scale is the AQHI measured on (1)

Answer 11

1- Scale ranging from 1 to 10+ indicating air quality getting worse with higher numbers

Question 12

what are the health risk categories aligning with the AQHI index reading (4)

Answer 12

1- Low
2- Moderate
3- High
4- Very High Health Risk

Question 13

how are health messages/steps to take tailored for each AQHI health risk category (1)

Answer 13

1- Health messages are customized to each category for both the general population and ‘at risk’ populations

Question 14

why are SO2 and CO not part of the AQHI (they were part of AQI) (1)

Answer 14

1- they were not associated with additional health risk once the effects of O3, NO and PM 2.5/10 were accounted for

Question 15

what is the main difference between AQI and AQHI (2)

Answer 15

1- AQI presents the air quality based on worst pollutant
2- AQHI looks at the sum of health risks of each of the 3 pollutants

Question 16

what are types of indoor air contaminants - BC-RT (4)

Answer 16

1- Biological: mould, fungi, bacteria, house dust
mites, pollen, spores
2- Chemical: NO2, CO, formaldehyde, lead,
asbestos, ozone, VOCs, ammonia
3- Radiological: radon (≤200 becquerels is goal)
4- Tobacco smoke: NO2, CO, VOCs