PHYSMOD: 1st Shifting Flashcards
TRUE OR FALSE: The critical angle of ultrasound application is 30 degrees
False
must be 15 degrees
TRUE OR FALSE: Compared to US, the depth of penetration of acoustic energy in human tissues from shockwave therapy is more superficial
False
TRUE OR FALSE: The pulse duration in shockwave therapy is extremely long to induce physiologic effects
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Acute injuries are treated with shockwave therapy to facilitate healing
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Shockwave therapy causes localized microtrauma
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Application of ultrasound near the ends of long bones among children is discouraged.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The continuous mode of ultrasound is preferred if the goal of treatment is to decrease pain.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: You will select the pulsed mode if the indication is to accelerate tissue healing.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The frequency of ultrasound is greater than the frequency audible to the human ear.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Non-thermal effects can also occur with continuous mode of ultrasound
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The depth of penetration is more superficial when using 1MHz compared with 3MHz
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Shockwave therapy has no thermal effects
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Ultrasound is produced via direct piezoelectric effect
False
TRUE OR FALSE: The speed with which the US transducer is moved between 2 and 8 cm/sec does not alter its effects
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Attenuation of US is greater when using higher ultrasound frequencies
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The plumbium zirconium titanate (PZT) is the most commonly used piezoelectric material because it is least
costly and most efficient
True
TRUE OR FALSE: To achieve the thermal effects of ultrasound, the continuous mode is selected
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Ultrasound generally reaches more deeply and heats smaller areas than superficial heating agents
True
TRUE OR FALSE: If the goal of treatment is to accelerate tissue healing, the continuous mode US is chosen for thermal effects
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Hematoma is usually seen after shockwave therapy
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Ultrasound is not ideal to treat muscles because of its relatively low absorption coefficient
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The final intensity in ultrasound for thermal effects is dependent on the patient’s report of mild warmth
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Reflection of US accounts for about one-half of its attenuation
False
TRUE OR FALSE: The intensity in shockwave therapy is expressed in W/cm2
False
TRUE OR FALSE: The achieved maximum temperature is higher at 1MHz compared to 3MHz
False
TRUE OR FALSE: For phonophoresis, the pulsed mode of ultrasound is used
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Attenuation of ultrasound is greatest in tissues with low collagen content
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Ultrasound is sound with a frequency of at least 20,000 MHz
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Pain signals are being transmitted from the thalamus
going to the substantia gelatinosa
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Gamma rays have higher frequency than X-rays
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication for all physical modalities
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is the alternating vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the blood vessel when low temperature is applied.
False
TRUE OR FALSE: In controlling inflammation, ice packs should be applied for
maximum of 5 minutes
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Hemorrhage is a relative contraindication for superficial
heating modalities
False
TRUE OR FALSE: The amount of energy reaching the body part being treated by IRR is related to the inverse square of the
distance between the machine and the tissue
True
Cryotherapy __ muscle spasm; thermotherapy __ muscle
spasm
a. Increases; increases
b. Decreases; decreases
c. Increases; decreases
d. Decreases; increases
b. Decreases; decreases
What is the best position for the patient with low back pain when being treated with HMP?
A. Supine
B. Sitting
C. Prone
D. Sidelying
C. Prone
HMP should be stored in the hydrocollator unit with a temperature range of ___
a. 28-35 degrees Celsius
b. 60-70 degrees Celsius
c. 70-75 degrees Celsius
d. 80-100 degrees Celsius
c. 70-75 degrees Celsius
In thermotherapy, how much increase in nerve conduction velocity is observed for every 1 degree Celsius increase in temperature?
2 m/s
TRUE OR FALSE: To increase tissue length is a goal of treatment when using physical agents for tissue healing
False
Formation of new blood vessels during wound healing is observed in which phase?
A. Inflammatory
B. Proliferative
C. Maturation / Remodeling
B. Proliferative
Which of the following is not a mechanical agent?
a. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT)
b. Ultrasound
c. Paraffin Wax Bath
d. Hydrotherapy
c. Paraffin Wax Bath
Which cardinal sign of inflammation corresponds to swelling?
a. Rubor
b. Dolor
c. Calor
d. Tumor
e. Functio laesa
d. Tumor
What cardinal sign of inflammation is being described by the phrase/statement: erythrocytes leaving through the injured vessel walls?
a. Rubor
b. Dolor
c. Calor
d. Tumor
e. Functio laesa
a. Rubor
What cardinal sign of inflammation is being described the phrase/statement: primarily/directly influenced by the gate
control theory?
a. Rubor
b. Dolor
c. Calor
d. Tumor
e. Functio laesa
b. Dolor
What cardinal sign of inflammation is being described the phrase/statement: blockage of lymphatic drainage?
a. Rubor
b. Dolor
c. Calor
d. Tumor
e. Functio laesa
d. Tumor
What cardinal sign of inflammation is being described the
phrase/statement: unable to walk due to inflammation?
a. Rubor
b. Dolor
c. Calor
d. Tumor
e. Functio laesa
e. Functio laesa
What phase of wound healing is angiogenesis observed?
A. Inflammatory
B. Proliferative
C. Maturation / Remodeling
B. Proliferative
What phase of wound healing is clot formation primarily observed?
A. Inflammatory
B. Proliferative
C. Maturation / Remodeling
A. Inflammatory
What phase of wound healing do the balance of collagen synthesis and lysis is being observed?
A. Inflammatory
B. Proliferative
C. Maturation / Remodeling
C. Maturation / Remodeling
Ultrasound is an example of mechanical agent. Ultrasound is an example of thermal agent.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
C. Both statements are true
ILT provides compressive force. IPC provides compressive force.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
The mode of heat energy transfer of PWB is conduction. The mode of heat energy transfer of ICT is conduction.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
A. Only the 1st statement is true
Pain reduction when using cold packs is explained by the gate control theory. Pain reduction when using hot moist pack is explained by the gate control theory.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
C. Both statements are true
PWB allows circumferential heating and is best used for the hand. PWB uses mixture of 6 units of mineral oil and 1 unit of paraffin wax.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
A. Only the 1st statement is true
Infrared radiation produces ionizing radiation. Microwave produces non-ionizing radiation.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
Physical agents are absolutely contraindicated to malignant tissues because it could result to metastasis. Physical agents are absolutely contraindicated to individual with reduced sensation because they will not be able to provide feedback about the treatment.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
A. Only the 1st statement is true
Which phase of wound healing is re-epithelialization observed?
A. Inflammatory
B. Proliferative
C. Maturation / Remodeling
B. Proliferative
IRA should be applied at 24 inches to achieve the desired physiological effect. Which radiation law best supports this idea?
a. Law of Grothus Draper
b. Lambert’s Cosine Law
c. Inverse Square Law
d. Arndt-Schultz Principle
e. Bunsen Roscoe Law
c. Inverse Square Law
Which IRR type is therapeutically used and is expected to produce more perspiration?
a. Long IRR
b. Short IRR
b. Short IRR
Which of the following does not increase soft tissue extensibility?
a. Thermotherapy
b. Shortwave diathermy
c. Ultrasound
d. Cold packs
d. Cold packs
Which of the following is a recommended temperature of the hydrocollator tank?
a. 100 degrees Fahrenheit
b. 128 degrees Fahrenheit
c. 167 degrees Fahrenheit
d. 200 degrees Fahrenheit
c. 167 degrees Fahrenheit
Quick icing is used to address flaccid muscles, and this is physiologically explained by?
Increase in alpha motor neuron
About 30 minutes after cryotherapy application, you noticed localized redness on the area where it was applied. What explains this observation?
Later vasodilation
TRUE OR FALSE: The controlled cold compression unit is classified both as a thermal and mechanical agent.
True
One of the indications for the use of cryotherapy is to address the spasticity. A decrease in ____ explains the reduction in spasticity.
Gamma motor neuron
A patient who is wearing a metallic ring on right finger should not be treated by HMP of the right shoulder. HMP should be applied with caution if the patient still presents with edema due to chronic inflammation.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
TRUE OR FALSE: Reduction of histamine release is a hemodynamic effect of cryotherapy.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Electrical stimulation and intermittent pneumatic
compression are physical agents used to address edema
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Regarding the gate control theory, the thalamus contains the gate that controls transmission of pain signals
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Radiowaves have longer wavelength and lower
frequency than gamma rays
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Ultrasound is a physical agent that can either be used as continuous or pulsed mode
True
TRUE OR FALSE: This therapeutic modality is an appropriate thermal agent when a patient presents with pain, redness, and swelling of the left wrist:
Ice pack on (L) wrist while elevated over the table x 10 min to decrease inflammation
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Fluidotherapy uses air convection as a mode of
heat transfer
True
TRUE OR FALSE: To increase tissue extensibility is a goal of treatment when using electrical stimulation
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Microwave diathermy is a thermal agent that is also considered as an electromagnetic agent
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Electrical stimulation is a physical agent capable of inducing muscle contraction
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Pain relief lasts longer in the endogenous opioid system for pain relief.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Diathermy is a non-ionizing physical agent
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Co-planar application of capacitive plates is preferred for the extremities.
False
Contra-planar
TRUE OR FALSE: The non-thermal effect of PWSD is explained by the
piezoelectric affect
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Another electrical equipment may be used 3 meters away from the diathermy application.
True
3-5 m away
TRUE OR FALSE: PSWD is absolutely contraindicated for an injured nerve
while it is still regenerating
False
TRUE OR FALSE: MWD has greater risk of uneven heating of superficial skin and adipose tissues than SWD
True
Which of the following is INCORRECT about diathermy for therapeutic purposes?
a. It is a superficial heating modality
b. It is both a thermal and electromagnetic physical agent
c. Heat is being transferred via conversion
d. Wavelength ranges between 1mm-200m
a. It is a superficial heating modality
Which of the following statements is correct about SWD?
a. Heat may be generated by electrical field
b. Waves are being reflected at tissue interfaces
c. Inc of tissue extensibility is a non-thermal effect
d. Usually causes periosteal pain
a. Heat may be generated by electrical field
Which of the following is correct about the heating of Magnetic Field Diathermy?
a. Heat is generated by oscillatory motion of charged particles induced by Eddy currents
b. Heat is generated inside the machine before it is being delivered to the pt.’s tissue
c. Heat is generated by creating an electric field as the patient becomes part of the circuit - SWD?
d. Heat is generated by the acoustic energy produced in the machine
a. Heat is generated by oscillatory motion of charged particles induced by Eddy currents
Which of the following has the greatest heat distribution in bones?
a. Capacitive plates
b. Microwave
c. Inductive coil
d. Ultrasound
a. Capacitive plates
What dosage of diathermy is best used for inflamed ankle due to inversion injury few hours ago?
Dose I
What is the ideal treatment duration when pulsed SWD is used?
40-60 minutes
What is the ideal distance between the condenser and the patient’s skin?
1-3 inches
Which band / frequency is most commonly used for SWD?
a. 13.56 MHz
b. 27.12 Mhz
c. 40.68 MHz
d. 2,450 MHz
b. 27.12 Mhz
What tissue has the lowest conductivity to diathermy?
Fat
produces the greatest heating effect
of the subcutaneous fat
a. Electric Field Method
b. Inductor / Magnetic Field Method
a. Electric Field Method
allows circumferential heating pattern
a. Electric Field Method
b. Inductor / Magnetic Field Method
b. Inductor / Magnetic Field Method
Too much radiation from diathermy treatment may cause adverse effects on exposed tissues. What law supports
this claim?
a. Law of Grothus Draper
b. Lambert’s Cosine Law
c. Inverse Square Law
d. Arndt-Schultz Principle
e. Bunsen Roscoe Law
d. Arndt-Schultz Principle
TRUE OR FALSE: Gamma rays are considered as ionizing radiation
True
During the diathermy treatment, the patient suddenly complained of excessive heating sensation. What is the best course of action of the physical therapist?
a. Assure the patient that its an expected sensation with treatment
b. Lower the intensity
c. Refer back to MD
b. Lower the intensity
What dose should be used for chronic inflammation?
a. non-thermal
b. mild heat
c. moderate heat
d. vigorous heating
c. moderate heat
A 55 y/o patient with cardiac pacemaker was referred for low back pain. You thought of using the PSWD to control
the inflammation. What is the best course of action of the physical therapist?
a. PSWD is still contraindicated for the patient
b. Proceed with PSWD
c. Refer back to MD
a. PSWD is still contraindicated for the patient
Radiologic imaging of the bones
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
b. x-rays
FM radio station
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
g. radio waves
LASER pointer
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
d. visible light
Remote control
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
e. infrared
Wifi
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
g. radio waves
Nuclear explosion
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
a. gamma rays
Motion detector
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
f. microwaves
Cooks popcorn
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
f. microwaves
Tans the skin
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
c. ultraviolet
Airport security machine
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
b. x-rays
Night vision goggles
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
e. infrared
For imaging inside the body aside from bones
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
a. gamma rays
Highest frequency
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
a. gamma rays
Lowest frequency
a. gamma rays
b. x-rays
c. ultraviolet
d. visible light
e. infrared
f. microwaves
g. radio waves
g. radio waves
What is the speed of light of the electromagnetic spectrum?
3 x 10^8 m/s
The moving technique is advocated when using the US as a therapeutic physical agent. The rationale for this is to avoid ____
build-up of hotspots
Both ultrasound and shockwave can be generated through the ____ effect.
Reverse piezoelectric
If the ultrasound transducer head’s ERA is 10cm^2, and the treatment area is 40cm^2, how long should ultrasound be applied on the target area?
10-20 minutes
A non-thermal effect of US described as a small-scale eddying or circular flow of fluids that affects diffusion rate and membrane permeability
Acoustic streaming / Microstreaming
Thermal effect is only expected in US and not in shockwave. Penetration of treatment is deeper in shockwave compared to US.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
C. Both statements are true
If the BNR of your US machine is 4:1, with a mean intensity of 1.0, what is the expected peak intensity?
4
You applied therapeutic US on the anterior-inferior aspect of the R shoulder of a patient. If the patient has R adhesive capsulitis, what is the appropriate US frequency?
1 MHz
You applied therapeutic US on the anterior-inferior aspect of the R shoulder of a patient. If the patient has R adhesive capsulitis, what is the appropriate method of application?
Direct method
TRUE OR FALSE: Regarding ESWT applied over the trigger points of a patient
with posterior neck pain, localized microtrauma is introduced to stimulate the body’s natural healing process.
True
You applied therapeutic ultrasound on the
anterior-inferior aspect of the right shoulder of a patient. After applying ultrasound, you stretched her right shoulder towards abduction and external rotation. In this case, the PT is aiming for what effect of US?
A. Thermal effects
B.
Non-thermal effects
C. Either thermal or non-thermal
D. Reverse piezoelectric effect
A. Thermal effects
You applied therapeutic ultrasound on the
anterior-inferior aspect of the right shoulder of a patient. After applying ultrasound, you stretched her right shoulder towards abduction and external rotation. In this case, what examination procedure is best to conduct before and after US application to determine the effect
of intervention?
Range of motion measurement
You applied therapeutic ultrasound on the
anterior-inferior aspect of the right shoulder of a patient. After applying ultrasound, you stretched her right shoulder towards abduction and external rotation.
TRUE OR FALSE: In this case, the use of ultrasound is contraindicated if the patient presents with sensory deficit.
True
You applied therapeutic ultrasound on the
anterior-inferior aspect of the right shoulder of a patient. After applying ultrasound, you stretched her right shoulder towards abduction and external rotation. In this case, which clinical application of US was targeted?
a. Accelerate tissue healing
b. Increase blood flow
c. Increase flexibility
d. Increase metabolic rate
c. Increase flexibility
You applied therapeutic ultrasound on the
anterior-inferior aspect of the right shoulder of a patient. After applying ultrasound, you stretched her right shoulder towards abduction and external rotation. In this case, the physiological basis for the clinical application of ultrasound is to increase ____
soft tissue extensibility
Which of the following is not used as an energy or material for physical agents for therapeutic purposes?
A. Water
B.
Sound
C. Fire
D. Electricity
C. Fire
Which of the following mechanical agents decreases pressure / force in a body part?
A. Traction
B.
Compression
C. Sound
D. Water
A. Traction
Which of the following signs of inflammation is a direct effect of changes in blood vessel membrane permeability?
A. Calor
B.
Rubor
C. Dolor
D. Tumor
D. Tumor
Which of the following physical agents is part of the electromagnetic spectrum?
A. Electrical stimulation
B.
Pneumatic compression
C. Hydrotherapy
D. Infrared radiation
D. Infrared radiation
Which of the following is not a process involved during proliferation phase?
A. Fibroplasia
B.
Consolidation
C. Neovascularization
D. Re-epithelialization
B. Consolidation
Which of the following is true about nerve fibers?
A. A-beta fibers are large, myelinated fibers that transmit nociceptive inputs
B.
A-delta fibers are small, myelinated fibers that transmit impulses faster than A-beta fibers
C. A-delta fibers convey dull, aching pain from the receptors in the epidermis
D. A-beta fibers have transmit signals slower than the pain fibers
D. A-beta fibers have transmit signals slower than the pain fibers
Which of the following is CORRECT about the substantia gelatinosa?
A. It is located on the dorsal gray horn of the spinal cord
B.
it has a facilitatory effect
C. If activated, it “opens the gate” for the pain stimuli
D. Mechanoreceptors do not influence this area
A. It is located on the dorsal gray horn of the spinal cord
What physical agent is used in decompressing the impinged structure to reduce the spinal radicular pain?
A. IPC
B.
ILT
C. ES
D. MWD
B. ILT
During this phase of wound healing, the balance of collagen deposition and resorption is one of the objectives:
A. Hemodynamic
B.
Inflammatory
C. Proliferation
D. Maturation
D. Maturation
Which of the following is not a goal of using physical modalities for wound healing?
A. Increase circulation
B.
Control pain
C. Decrease tone
D. Prevent further injury
C. Decrease tone
Which of the following is considered to have more ionizing effect on the body?
A. Gamma ray
B.
Infrared
C. Microwave
D. Visible light
A. Gamma ray
It involves heating on one area of the body resulting to increase in circulation to another area
A. Landis Gibbons reflex
B.
Local vascular shunting
C. Hunting reflex
D. CIVD
A. Landis Gibbons reflex
Which of the following directly explains the relaxation effect of heat?
A. Increased gamma efferent activity
B.
Increased GTO activity
C. Decreased swelling
D. Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
B. Increased GTO activity
What is the primary mode of transfer of vapocoolant spray?
A. Conduction
B.
Convection
C. Evaporation
D. Radiation
C. Evaporation
Which of the following explains the facilitatory effect of quick icing?
A. Activation of alpha motor neurons
B.
Inhibition of alpha motor neurons
C. Activation of gamma motor neurons
D. Inhibition of gamma motor neurons
A. Activation of alpha motor neurons
The following statements about the systemic response of body to heat are TRUE, EXCEPT:
A. The body’s sudomotor response is sensible sweating resulting from activation of the eccrine glands
B.
The warm air given off by breathing rids the body of some heat
C. Some heat is lost during sweating
D. There will be a drop in the peripheral blood pressure and heart rate
D. There will be a drop in the peripheral blood pressure and heart rate
Which of the following modalities use CONVECTION as a mode of heat transfer?
A. Vapocoolant spray
B.
Fluidotherapy
C. Cold whirlpool
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C
E. Both B and C
Which of the following factors is NOT TRUE regarding the heat transfer by conduction?
A. The greater the temperature gradient, the faster the rate of heat transfer
B.
The larger the area of contact between a thermal agent and the patient, the lesser the heat transfer
C. The higher the thermal conductivity, the faster the heat transfer
D. None of the above
B. The larger the area of contact between a thermal agent and the patient, the lesser the heat transfer
Which of the following correctly describes cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD)?
A. Occurs when tissue temperature reaches less than 10 degrees C
B.
Occurs when cold is applied for a short period of time
C. Occurs when contrast bath is used
D. Occurs when cyclic vasodilation and vasoconstriction happens
A. Occurs when tissue temperature reaches less than 10 degrees C
Protein denaturation (tissue damage) occurs when the temperature is:
A. 40 C
B.
42 C
C. 43 C
D. 45 C
D. 45 C
Application of cold can temporarily decrease spasticity. This is due to its effect on the activity of what neuromuscular structure/s?
A. Golgi tendon organ
B.
Gamma motor neuron
C. Afferent spindles (Type Ia and II)
D. All of these
D. All of these
KY, a 26 yo (-) Htn/DM R handed male patient was referred to you for PT eval & mx d/t c/o dull aching pain graded 5/10 using subjective pain scale (SPS) on anterior part of the R shoulder aggravated to 7/10 when doing overhead activities & is totally relieved when arm is at rest. You noted tenderness on the area. MD advised him to put Omega liniment at night to be relieved of pain. Patient stated that condition happened 2 weeks ago. What is the best physical modality to apply to the patient?
A. Paraffin wax bath
B.
Hot moist pack
C. Ice pack
D. Cold gel pack
B. Hot moist pack
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for the use of paraffin wax bath of the right hand?
A. Recent injury on the hand that might result to potential hemorrhage
B.
A patient who has a metallic implant on the left femur
C. (+) Raynaud’s phenomenon
D. If there is a sensory deficit of 50% as to temperature
A. Recent injury on the hand that might result to potential hemorrhage
Which is the advantage of using HMP versus other superficial heating modalities?
A. It has low thermal conductivity thus reducing the risk for burn injuries
B.
The temperature can be regulated by the PT during the treatment
C. It can be used to cover small or large body areas
D. It maintains good contact with irregularly shaped body areas
C. It can be used to cover small or large body areas
What is the recommended intensity of treatment for paraffin wax bath?
A. 52-57 degrees Celsius
B.
Moderate comfortable moist warmth
C. Moderate comfortable dry warmth
D. Mild comfortable moist warmth
E. Mild comfortable dry warmth
D. Mild comfortable moist warmth
Which of the following is not a recommended position when applying HMP on the posterior cervical area?
A. Prone
B.
Supine
C. Short sitting while hugging a pillow
D. Short sitting while leaning forward on a table
B. Supine
You have a patient who underwent hip surgery but complains of pain of the L leg area. Before you applied HMP on the area you noticed swelling, felt it is warm and there is pain upon passive dorsiflexion. You read the chart and noticed that the patient is under heparin treatment. What is the best thing to do?
A. Add more layers of towel when applying HMP
B.
Apply the HMP on the proximal part and not directly on the area
C. Use cryotherapy instead
D. Discontinue the treatment. Clarify with doctors if he is cleared for rehabilitation despite your objective findings.
D. Discontinue the treatment. Clarify with doctors if he is cleared for rehabilitation despite your objective findings.
You have a patient complaining of Low back pain. You opted to use HMP to relieve the patient of pain. You prepared it with 6 layers of towel as you remembered from the lecture. After 5 mins, the patient told you that she is not feeling any warmth at all. What is the first thing that you will do?
A. Tell the patient that you have put 6 layers of towel and that it cannot be adjusted since that is the recommended number of layers in literature
B.
Lessen the towel up to the point that the patient feels a mild comfortable warmth
C. Remove the towel and apply the terry cloth directly on the back of the patient
D. Replace it with a hotter HMP from the tank
B. Lessen the towel up to the point that the patient feels a mild comfortable warmth
A patient sustained left fracture injury of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals 3 weeks ago. Pt claims that pain is still graded 4/10. Which of the following is the most appropriate modality and is correctly documented?
A. PWB using dip and wrap technique x 10 min on (L) hand to reduce pain
B.
PWB using dip and wrap technique x 20 min on (L) hand to reduce pain
C. Cryotherapy using cold whirlpool at 15 degrees C x 10 min on (L) hand to reduce pain
D. Cryotherapy using cold whirlpool at 15 degrees C x 20 min on (L) hand to reduce pain
B. PWB using dip and wrap technique x 20 min on (L) hand to reduce pain
Which of the following is the most appropriate thermal agent when a patient presents with pain, redness, and swelling of the left ankle?
A. Ice pack on (L) ankle in supine while LE elevated over pillows x 10 min to decrease inflammation
B.
Cold gel pack on (L) ankle in supine while LE elevated over pillows x 10 sec to decrease inflammation
C. Hot moist pack on (L) ankle in supine while LE elevated over pillows x 15 min to decrease inflammation
D. C-icing on (L) ankle in supine while LE elevated over pillows x 5 sec to decrease inflammation
A. Ice pack on (L) ankle in supine while LE elevated over pillows x 10 min to decrease inflammation
True about the therapeutic ultrasound
I. Generated via the reverse piezoelectric effect
II. Frequency is greater than 20,000 MHz
III. The critical angle of application is 15 degrees
IV. Mode of heat transfer is radiation
A. I and III
B.
IV only
C. I, II, III
D. All of the above
A. I and III
II: MHz should be Hz
IV: Mode of heat transfer is conversion
True about the rate of moving/gliding the ultrasound head on the patient’s skin
A. Moving the head from 2-8 cm/sec does not alter the effects
B. Patient’s comfort determines the rate
C. Is based on the frequency used
D. Is based on the size of the transducer
A. Moving the head from 2-8 cm/sec does not alter the effects
Which of the following should be included in documenting your treatment using ultrasound in a patient with anterior shoulder pain?
I. 5 mins for treatment duration
II. 1.5 mJ/mm^2 for intensity
III. 1 MHz for frequency
IV. Prone for position
A. I and III
B.
IV only
C. I, II, and III
D. All of the above
A. I and III
Based on your knowledge of tissue absorption coefficient, where should you apply ultrasound if your patient has hamstring tightness?
A. Ligament
B.
Tendon near insertion
C. Knee joint capsule
D. Muscle belly
E. Any of these
B. Tendon near insertion
The following are true about non-thermal effects of US, except:
a. Formation of cavitation
b. Used in phonophoresis
c. Causes increased blood flow
d. Must be set in pulsed mode
e. None of these
c. Causes increased blood flow
True about Beam Non-uniformity Ratio:
A. A ratio of 4:1 is better than 8:1
B.
Is most important in setting the treatment duration
C. Ratio of ultrasound frequency to intensity
D. All of these
A. A ratio of 4:1 is better than 8:1
In shockwave therapy for a patient with myofascial pain syndrome affecting bilateral upper trapezius muscles presenting with trigger points, the best
examination procedure to perform prior to treatment to effectively apply the modality is:
A. Range of motion measurement
B.
Sensory testing
C. Postural assessment
D. Palpation
D. Palpation
In ultrasound, higher temperatures are achieved in tissues with high collagen content. Higher temperatures are also achieved with the application of
higher frequency ultrasound.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
C. Both statements are true
During shockwave treatment for the plantar fasciitis of a patient, you should observe the following to effectively communicate to the patient, EXCEPT:
A. Show the machine to the patient and demonstrate how it works prior to treatment
B.
Give your instructions to the patient face-to-face with both of you seated
C. Talk to the patient to establish rapport while pulses/shocks are being applied at the same time
D. Explain in layman’s terms the procedure and encourage the patient to ask questions
E. None of these
C. Talk to the patient to establish rapport while pulses/shocks are being applied at the same time
Compared to ultrasound, penetration of the treatment effect is deeper in shockwave therapy. Both ultrasound and shockwave therapy have thermal and non-thermal effects.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
A. Only the 1st statement is true
The method of application best for phonophoresis
A. glove technique
B.
direct method
C. underwater
D. any method will do
B. direct method
You have a patient who had a fracture of the proximal section of the left tibia 3 days ago. You opted to use ultrasound. Which clinical application of ultrasound would you like to primarily target in this case?
A. Increase flexibility
B.
Inhibit muscle contraction
C. Promote fracture healing
D. Reduce pain
C. Promote fracture healing
You opted to use US to a patient who had a fracture of the proximal section of the left tibia 3 days ago. What ultrasound parameters will you use for this case?
A. Very low intensity but long duration
B.
Very high intensity and long duration
C. Very low intensity and short duration
D. Very high intensity but short duration
A. Very low intensity but long duration
What US duty cycle is best to use initially for a patient who had a fracture of the proximal section of the left tibia 3 days ago?
A. 100%
B.
75%
C. 50%
D. 20%
D. 20%
You have a patient who had a fracture of the proximal section of the tibia 3 days ago. You opted to use ultrasound. Proper documentation of parameters for
the use of US in this case would be:
A. Cont. US x 1 MHz x 1.5 W/cm^2 x 15 minutes
B.
Pulsed US c 75% duty cycle x 1 MHz x 10
W/cm^2 x 1 minute
C. Cont. US x 3 MHz x 1.5 W/cm^2 x 20 minutes
D. Pulsed US c 20% duty cycle x 1 MHz x 1.5
W/cm^2 x 15 minutes
E. Cont. US x 1 MHz x 10 W/cm^2 x 1 minute
D. Pulsed US c 20% duty cycle x 1 MHz x 1.5
W/cm^2 x 15 minutes
Your patient underwent internal fixation of the bone fracture with metal plates and screws. The PT should or can
A. Proceed with ultrasound as this is not
considered a contraindication
B.
Carry on using ultrasound but exercise caution by applying around the fracture and not directly on it
C. Select another physical modality as this is a contraindication
D. Refer the patient back to the doctor because a physical therapist cannot handle this case
A. Proceed with ultrasound as this is not
considered a contraindication
You are planning to apply US to your patient who had a fracture of the proximal section of the left tibia 3 days ago. If he is just nine years old:
A. Ultrasound is contraindicated as this is an area with epiphyseal plate
B.
Caution is observed in the application of
ultrasound by using very low intensity for
a few sessions only
C. Application of ultrasound is appropriate as age is not a factor in considering the use of ultrasound
D. Another physical agent should be selected instead of ultrasound
B.
Caution is observed in the application of
ultrasound by using very low intensity for
a few sessions only
You have a patient complaining of aching pain (graded 8/10) on the anterior aspect of the right shoulder. He was diagnosed with bicipital tendinitis. You noted limitation in shoulder extension which you think is due to pain and not tightness. Condition started about 2 months ago after he painted his house by himself. You decided to use therapeutic ultrasound. Which clinical application of ultrasound is the primary target in this case?
A. Increasing flexibility
B.
Promoting tissue healing
C. Decreasing pain
D. Inhibiting muscle contraction
C. Decreasing pain
You have a patient with chronic anterior shoulder dislocation complaining of irritating pain (graded 7/10) on the anterior aspect of the right shoulder. Condition
started about 3 months ago. You decided to use therapeutic ultrasound. In this case, you are aiming for
A. Thermal effects
B.
Non-thermal effects
C. Either thermal or non-thermal
D. Reverse piezoelectric effect
A. Thermal effects
Which examination procedure is best to conduct before and after ultrasound application to determine its effectiveness. If you have a patient with bicipital tendinitis, complaining of aching pain on the anterior
aspect of the right shoulder with limitation in shoulder extension which you think is due to pain and not tightness
A. Range of motion measurement
B.
Subjective pain scale for pain
C. Muscle strength testing
D. Sensory testing
B. Subjective pain scale for pain
Which of the following is the best method of application of SWD (Condenser Field Method) for low back pain?
A. Co-planar at 10-centimeter distance
B.
Co-planar at 10-inch distance
C. Contra-planar at 10-centimeter distance
D. Contra-planar at 10-inch distance
A. Co-planar at 10-centimeter distance
Which of the following is not a non-thermal effect of diathermy?
A. Increases ATP activity
B.
Cavitation formation
C. Accelerates cell growth and division
D. Increases microvascular perfusion
B. Cavitation formation
Which of the following diathermy dosage is best when stretching soft tissue is the objective?
A. Dose I
B.
Dose II
C. Dose III
D. Dose IV
D. Dose IV
Continuous mode of diathermy produces non-thermal effects on tissues. Pulsed mode of diathermy produces non-thermal effect on tissues.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
Which of the following is correct about Microwave diathermy?
A. Has the capacity to penetrate deeper due to shorter wavelength but effect is usually more superficial because some radiations are being reflected to the superficial structures
B.
Due to the short wavelength, the radiation can only reach the superficial structures, thus greater heating effect is observed on relatively superficial structures
C. Generally considered as a superficial heating modality because its physiologic effects are usually concentrated on the epidermal layer
D. MWD has lower frequency resulting to higher intensity of energy to body tissues
A. Has the capacity to penetrate deeper due to shorter wavelength but effect is usually more superficial because some radiations are being reflected to the superficial structures
What is the minimum distance that you can safely use any electronic device away from the diathermy machine that is being used?
A. 3 m
B.
5 m
C. 3 in
D. 5 in
A. 3 m
Which of the following must be observed when using diathermy?
a. Wear protective goggles for both the PT and the patient as much as possible
b. Apply 6-8 layers of towel between the
machine and the skin of the patient
c. Avoid accumulation of sweat on the patient’s skin
d. Both A and C are correct
e. Both B and C are correct
d. Both A and C are correct
Which situation would you still use diathermy with caution?
A. Patient with 25% sensory deficit
B.
Patient with cardiac pacemaker
C. Pregnant patient with low back pain
D. Forearm of a comatose patient
A. Patient with 25% sensory deficit
Which of the following is best used for the entire right shoulder with capsular restrictions?
A. Monode method
B.
Diplode method
C. Sleeves
D. Crossfire application
B. Diplode method
A 29 y/o pt ℅ (L) shoulder pain d/t AC joint injury. You opted to use SWD as the treatment modality prior to performing exercises.
A. Smaller electrodes placed at 2-inch distance
B.
Larger electrodes placed at 2-inch distance
C. Smaller electrodes placed at 5-inch distance
D. Larger electrodes placed at 5-inch distance
A. Smaller electrodes placed at 2-inch distance
Which of the following questions is best asked to the male patient with low back pain to check for contraindications in using diathermy?
A. “Are you unconscious?”
B.
“Do you have deep venous thrombosis?”
C. “Do you have metal implants in this area?”
D. “Are you pregnant?”
C. “Do you have metal implants in this area?”
Which of the following is correct about the inductive coils?
A. Muscles have higher conductivity than
fats, therefore fats will not significantly
reduce the effectiveness of the treatment
B.
Muscles have lower conductivity than
fats, therefore fats will not significantly
reduce the effectiveness of the treatment
C. Muscles have higher conductivity than
fats, therefore fats will significantly
reduce the effectiveness of the treatment
D. Muscles have lower conductivity than
fats, therefore fats will significantly
reduce the effectiveness of the treatment
A. Muscles have higher conductivity than
fats, therefore fats will not significantly
reduce the effectiveness of the treatment
Which of the following is incorrect about diathermy?
A. SWD has lower energy than MWD
B. SWD has longer wavelength than MWD
C. SWD has lower frequency than MWD
D. SWD has less risk for burn on superficial fats than MWD
A. SWD has lower energy than MWD
