NEUROLAB: 3rd Shifting Flashcards
Your patient suffered from the loss of temporal field on both eyes. What structure is probably affected?
a. ® optic tract
b. (L) optic tract
c. Optic chiasm
d. Optic nerve
c. Optic chiasm
Your patient suffered from (L) homonymous hemianopsia. Which of the following will be his manifestation
a. Can’t see the (L) temporal field and ® nasal field
b. Can’t see the (L) nasal field and ® temporal field
c. Can’t see both nasal fields
d. Can’t see both temporal fields
a. Can’t see the (L) temporal field and ® nasal field
Your patient cannot see the (L) nasal field and ® temporal field. What structure is affected
a. ® optic tract
b. L optic tract
c. Optic chiasm
d. Optic nerve
b. L optic tract
What is the response when you stimulate the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve of the eyes?
a. Opening of the eye
b. Pupillary constriction
c. Pupillary dilation
d. Blinking
d. Blinking
You assessed the integrity of the pupillary light reflex of your patient. Upon showing the light on the ® eye, (-) pupillary constriction on ® but (+) pupillary constriction on the (L). when the light was shown on the (L) eye, there was (+) pupillary constriction on the (L), (-) pupillary constriction on the ®. What is the problematic structure?
a. ® optic nerve
b. (L) optic nerve
c. ® oculomotor
d. (L) oculomotor
c. ® oculomotor
Bringing objects near the eyes from a distant position will cause:
a. Convergence
b. Pupillary constriction
c. Lens thickening
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
d. All of the above
The photoreceptor responsible for color detection
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Retina
d. Optic nerve
b. Cones
TRUE OR FALSE: Both pupils constrict in the consensual light reflex
because the pretectal nucleus sends fibers to the parasympathetic nuclei on both sides of the midbrain
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus will
serve as the second-neuron of the gustation pathway.
False
TRUE OR FALSE: The opercular insular area is the gustatory cortex
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Aversion to toxic and unhealthy food is subserved by
the medial olfactory cortex
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Taste from the posterior of the tongue is transmitted
through the vagus nerve.
False
TRUE OR FALSE: The cornea can heal once damaged due to its high
vascularity
False
TRUE OR FALSE: In the light adaptation, the concentration of photosensitive chemicals remaining in the rods and cones are replenished and increases with time
False
TRUE OR FALSE: The efferent fiber of the accommodation reflex is cranial nerve 3
True
The nerve innervation at the base of the tongue is
A. Glossopharyngeal nerve
B. Vagus nerve
C. Accessory nerve
D. Hypoglossal nerve
B. Vagus nerve
What is the parasympathetic nucleus of CN3?
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Decline on visual threshold when entering a dark room after being exposed to a considerable amount of time in a brightly lighted surround is called ___.
Dark adaptation
What do you call the reflex where putting a light on one eye can cause pupillary constriction on the contralateral eye?
Consensual light reflex
The area where one can experience the most distinct vision specifically at ___
A. Optic chiasm
B. Optic tract
C. Macula lutea (Fovea centralis)
D. Pupil
C. Macula lutea (Fovea centralis)
TRUE OR FALSE: Dopamine is inhibitory when it enters the D1 receptor
False
TRUE OR FALSE: In the indirect pathway, the neurotransmitter GABA from the striatum will inhibit the globus pallidus externa
True
The hypothalamic nucleus that is responsible for heat regulation
A. Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
B. Posterior hypothalamic nucleus
C. Medial hypothalamic nucleus
D. Lateral hypothalamic nucleus
A. Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
This thalamic nucleus will relay auditory sensations from the organ going to the brain. This nucleus is
A. Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus
B. Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus
C. Medial Geniculate Body
D. Lateral Geniculate Body
C. Medial Geniculate Body
It is a basal ganglia pathology where the patient has involuntary, rapid, irregular, jerky movements of the extremities.
A. Athetosis
B. Akinesia
C. Chorea
D. Hemiballismus
C. Chorea
Caudate and putamen are collectively named as
Striatum
The striatonigral pathway releases what neurotransmitter?
Possible answers:
1. Substance P
2. Acetylcholine
3. GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid)
Subthalamic nucleus releases what neurotransmitter?
A. Acetylcholine
B. GABA
C. Glutamate
D. Substance P
C. Glutamate
During the assessment, you noticed that the patient has an impaired ability to perform the alternating movements. Based on the assessment, the patient has affectation of what neurological structure?
A. Cerebrum
B. Brainstem
C. Cerebellum
D. Basal Ganglia
C. Cerebellum
What is the motor nucleus of the vagus nerve
Nucleus ambiguus
Facial nerve exits on what foramina of the skull
Internal acoustic meatus / Stylomastoid foramen
The cranial nerve that is responsible for for going sensations like light touch, pain, and pressure on the area of the face
Trigeminal nerve
TRUE OR FALSE: Hypoglossal nerve is a purely motor cranial nerve.
True
External strabismus is the result of the lesion of what cranial nerve?
A. Optic nerve
B. Oculomotor nerve
C. Abducens nerve
D. Vestibulocochlear nerve
E. Trochlear nerve
B. Oculomotor nerve
The Snellen chart is used to examine the integrity of what cranial nerve?
A. Optic nerve
B. Oculomotor nerve
C. Abducens nerve
D. Vestibulocochlear nerve
E. Trochlear nerve
A. Optic nerve
You have a patient with a stroke, upon assessment, you noted that there is deviation of his uvula. Based on the finding, what is the affected possible cranial nerve?
A. Glossopharyngeal nerve
B. Vagus nerve
C. Accessory nerve
D. Hypoglossal nerve
B. Vagus nerve
Give all cranial nerves that have parasympathetic innervation
- Oculomotor nerve
- Facial nerve
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
- Vagus nerve
Internal carotid artery originates from what blood vessel?
Common carotid artery
Basilar artery originates from what blood vessel?
Vertebral artery
This is a level of consciousness where the patient does not respond to all types of stimuli.
A. Lethargic
B. Obtunded
C. Stupor
D. Coma
D. Coma
NOTE: “Vegetative” is also an acceptable answer.
If this artery is blocked or ruptured, the patient will manifest weakness and sensory deficits more on the UE and face than on the LE.
A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle cerebral artery
C. Posterior cerebral artery
B. Middle cerebral artery
TRUE OR FALSE: In assessing short-term memory, you will give 3-5 words or numbers and the patient will immediately state the given words or numbers to you.
False
The above describes immediate memory.
Astereognosis will result in the lesion of what Brodmann’s area of the cerebrum?
A. Primary motor area
B. Primary somesthetic area
C. Secondary somatosensory area / Somesthetic association area
D. Visual association area
C. Secondary somatosensory area / Somesthetic association area
This Brodmann’s area is for the voluntary control of eye movements.
A. Primary motor area
B. Secondary motor area
C. Frontal eye fields
D. Primary visual area
C. Frontal eye fields
Brodmann’s area number of primary auditory area.
Brodmann’s areas 41, 42
The lateral 1/3 of the homonculus supplies what part of the body?
A. Upper Extremity
B. Lower Extremity
C. Face
C. Face
Name the layer III of the cerebral cortex.
External pyramidal layer
