NEUROLEC: 2nd Shifting Flashcards
Which tract mediates pain and temperature sensation?
A. Anterior spinothalamic tract
B. Lateral spinothalamic tract
C. Dorsal column pathway
D. Spinocerebellar tract
B. Lateral spinothalamic tract
Cauda equina syndrome involves which of the following spinal roots?
A. C1-C6
B. C4-C6
C. L1-S5
D. L3-Coccyx
D. L3-Coccyx
The part of the myotatic reflex that includes a muscle spindle and a dorsal root ganglion neuron is known as?
Afferent limb
Fasciculus cuneatus is found in the following regions EXCEPT?
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
D. Sacral
Which tract mediates tactile discrimination, vibration, form recognition, and joint and muscle sensation?
A. Anterior spinothalamic tract
B. Lateral spinothalamic tract
C. Dorsal column pathway
D. Spinocerebellar tract
C. Dorsal column pathway
Which among the following will result in contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation one segment below the level of the lesion?
A. Anterior spinothalamic tract lesion
B. Lateral spinothalamic tract lesion
C. Dorsal column pathway lesion
D. Spinocerebellar tract lesion
B. Lateral spinothalamic tract lesion
Which spinal tract cross in the brainstem?
A. Reticulospinal tract
B. Rubrospinal tract
C. Olivospinal tract
D. Spinocerebellar tract
C. Olivospinal tract
The functional component of the nerve fibers that convey motor output from ventral horn motor neurons to skeletal muscle is?
A. General somatic efferent
B. General visceral efferent
C. Special somatic efferent
D. Special visceral efferent
A. General somatic efferent
Which of the following will result to a lower motor neuron
lesion?
A. Interruption of the final motor pathway
B. Interruption of the final sensory pathway
C. Interruption of the final common pathway
D. Interruption of the final autonomic pathway
C. Interruption of the final common pathway
The following can be seen in lower motor neuron lesions
EXCEPT?
A. Hypotonia
B. Flaccid paralysis
C. Hyporeflexia
D. Babinski sign
D. Babinski sign
The second order neuron for the ventral spinothalamic tract is found in the?
A. Dorsomarginal nucleus
B. Substantia gelatinosa
C. Posterior root ganglion
D. Nucleus proprius
B. Substantia gelatinosa
Which among the following diseases of the spinal cord is due to an acute viral infection of the ventral horn?
A. Spina bifida
B. Cauda equina syndrome
C. Poliomyelitis
D. Encephalitis
C. Poliomyelitis
Demyelination of the dorsal columns that result in loss of vibration and position sensation is a classic feature of which condition?
A. Subacute combined degeneration
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Vitamin E deficiency
D. Tabes dorsalis
A. Subacute combined degeneration
Which is a group of large nerve cells situated anterior to the substantia gelatinosa throughout the spinal cord and comprises the main bulk of the cells in the posterior gray column?
A. Dorsomarginal nucleus
B. Substantia gelatinosa
C. Posterior root ganglion
D. Nucleus proprius
D. Nucleus proprius
Which among the following best describes fasciculations?
A. Decrease in tone
B. Decrease in muscle proteins
C. Visible muscle twitches
D. Decrease sensitivity of muscle spindles
C. Visible muscle twitches
The middle meningeal artery passes through which opening in the skull?
A. Foramen rotundum
B. Foramen ovale
C. Foramen spinosum
D. Foramen lacerum
C. Foramen spinosum
Which neuroanatomical structure is the main pathway that connects the vestibular and cochlear nuclei with the nuclei controlling the extraocular muscles?
A. superior colliculus
B. medial longitudinal fasciculus
C. corticopontine fibers
D. inferior colliculus
B. medial longitudinal fasciculus
Which of the following structures is not a part of the CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA?
A. Superior colliculus
B. Inferior colliculus
C. Facial colliculus
C. Facial colliculus
TRUE OR FALSE: The functions of the Brainstem are to act as conduit between the spinal cord and different parts of the higher
centers in the forebrain and also contains important
nuclei of cranial nerves I through XII.
False
What nerve passes through the ethmoid bone of the skull?
A. Olfactory nerve
B. Optic nerve
C. Oculomotor nerve
D. Trochlear nerve
A. Olfactory nerve
The Cerebrospinal fluid filled cavity in the MIDBRAIN is called?
Cerebral aqueduct
Which artery is involved in Lateral medullary syndrome?
A. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
B. Middle cerebral artery
C. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
D. Posterior cerebral artery
C. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
This cranial nerves is not found in the ventral surface of the brainstem
Trochlear nerve
Medial medullary syndrome will involve the following structures EXCEPT?
A. Pyramidal tract
B. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
C. Medial lemniscus
D. hypoglossal nerve
B. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Which of the following structures are involved in Benedikt syndrome EXCEPT?
A. Fascicles of the oculomotor nerve within the midbrain
B. Red nucleus
C. Crus cerebri
C. Crus cerebri
Vascular lesions of the Medulla may result from occlusion of the following arteries EXCEPT?
A. Anterior spinal artery
B. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
C. Vertebral artery
D. Basilar artery
D. Basilar artery
The structure that passes from the superior colliculus to
the lateral geniculate body and the optic tract is called?
Superior brachium
The increased amount of gray matter at the MEDULLA, at the level of the Olives is due to the following EXCEPT?
A. Arcuate nuclei
B. Olivary nuclear complex
C. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
D. Nuclei of the vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves
C. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
The following statements concerning the pons are correct EXCEPT?
A. Largest part of the brainstem
B. On the anterolateral surface of the pons, the trigeminal nerve emerges on each side
C. The anterior surface is convex from side to side and shows many transverse fibers that converge on each side to form the middle cerebellar peduncle
D. It receives its blood supply from the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
D. It receives its blood supply from the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
The following statements concerning the internal structures of midbrain are correct EXCEPT?
A. The midbrain comprises two lateral halves, called the cerebral peduncles
B. The central gray matter encircles the red nuclei
C. The tectum is part of the midbrain posterior to the cerebral aqueduct
D. The narrow cavity of the midbrain is the cerebral aqueduct
B. The central gray matter encircles the red nuclei
Climbing fibers are formed by afferents from?
Inferior olivary nucleus
Adam is a 52-year old male who came due to dizziness. It was observed that he cannot sit well and has the tendency to fall to the left. Upon ambulation, gait was
noted to be wide based. A lesion in which part of the cerebellum can most likely cause the condition?
A. Posterior lobes
B. Nodulus
C. Vermis
D. Flocculus
C. Vermis
Which among the following intracerebellar nuclei is
shaped like a crumpled bag with the opening facing medially?
A. Emboliform nucleus
B. Globose nucleus
C. Fastigial nucleus
D. Dentate nucleus
D. Dentate nucleus
This structure divides the cerebellar surface into two major divisions namely, anterior and posterior lobes?
A. Primary fissure
B. Posterolateral fissure
C. Horizontal fissure
A. Primary fissure
The Inferior Cerebellar peduncle is also known as the?
Juxtarestiform body
The vermis is supplied by which artery?
A. Superior cerebellar artery
B. Inferior cerebellar artery
C. Anterior cerebral artery
D. Posterior cerebral artery
A. Superior cerebellar artery
Interposed nucleus is the collective term for the combination of these two cerebellar nuclei?
Emboliform and Globose nuclei
A patient comes to the clinic with complains of incoordination. Which of the following findings in the neurologic examination would highly suggest a cerebellar problem?
A. Dysmetria
B. Fasciculations
C. Hypotonia
A. Dysmetria
TRUE OR FALSE: In patients with cerebellar peduncular lesions, clinical manifestations would be referable to limb ataxia with contralateral cranial nerves deficits or long tract signs.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Due to a cerebellar hemisphere lesion, there can be uncoordinated, clumsy movements of the lower limb on physical examination
True
This is an efferent tract that passes through the superior cerebellar peduncle?
A. Globose-emboliform-rubral tract
B. Dentatorubrothalamic tract
C. Fastigial vestibular tract
D. Fastigial reticular tract
B. Dentatorubrothalamic tract
TRUE OR FALSE: The cerebellum originated embryologically from the mesencephalon
False
Which among the following structures in relation to the
cerebellum contains only afferent fibers with no efferent tracts?
A. Brachium conjunctivum
B. Brachium pontis
C. Juxtarestiform body
B. Brachium pontis
Which among the following structures provide inhibitory
input to the intracerebellar nuclei?
A. Mossy fibers
B. Climbing fibers
C. Purkinje cells
C. Purkinje cells
A 42-year old male was seen at the Emergency room because of sudden onset clumsiness of the right hand. On examination, he has difficulty doing the finger to nose
test and the alternating supination-pronation test. The most likely pathology is located in which part of the
cerebellum?
A. Right cerebellar hemisphere
B. Left cerebellar hemisphere
C. Vermis
A. Right cerebellar hemisphere
Which statement concerning the superior temporal gyrus is correct?
A. Site of auditory association cortex
B. The primary auditory area is located in the
inferior wall of the lateral sulcus
C. The left superior temporal gyrus contains the Wernicke area
D. Contains the primary auditory cortex (areas 41 and 42)
B. The primary auditory area is located in the
inferior wall of the lateral sulcus
Which structure covers the superior surface of the corpus callosum?
A. Tentorium cerebelli
B. Pia mater
C. Indusium
D. Calcarine sulcus
C. Indusium
Which among the following is not a characteristic of
Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
A. Bulimia
B. Hyperorality
C. Visual agnosia
D. Hyposexuality
D. Hyposexuality
The lateral surface of the diencephalon is bounded by which structure?
A. lateral ventricle
B. third ventricle
C. internal capsule
D. lentiform nucleus
C. internal capsule
Match the different structures of the limbic system with their corresponding functions.
- plays a major role in both memory and spatial navigation
- plays a crucial role in both perception of emotional cues and production of
emotional responses - involved with the interpretation of the
emotional aspect of pain - integrator of afferent information received from other areas of the nervous system and brings about the physical expression of emotion
A. Amygdala
B. Hypothalamus
C. Cingulate gyrus
D. Hippocampal formation
- D
- A
- C
- B
The cerebral hemispheres are derived from which post-embryonic division?
A. telencephalon
B. diencephalon
C. mesencephalon
D. metencephalon
A. telencephalon
Which structure serves to communicate the lateral ventricle with the third ventricle?
A. cerebral aqueduct
B. fourth ventricle
C. foramen of Monro
D. foramen of Magendie
C. foramen of Monro
Which among the following is not a part of the hippocampal formation?
A. hippocampus
B. dentate gyrus
C. cingulate gyrus
D. subiculum
C. cingulate gyrus
Which structure occupies the area inferior to the lateral sulcus?
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Occipital lobe
D. Temporal lobe
D. Temporal lobe
TRUE OR FALSE: Loss of consciousness occurring in epilepsy maybe due to inhibition of activity of the reticular formation in the upper part of the midbrain.
False
Which of the following is the largest commissure in the brain?
A. Anterior commissure
B. Posterior commissure
C. Corpus callosum
D. Masa intermedia
C. Corpus callosum
The diffuse network of the reticular formation are divided into 3 longitudinal columns, namely?
Median, medial, and lateral columns
The thalamus is situated on each side of which structure?
A. Lateral ventricle
B. Third ventricle
C. Cerebral aqueduct
D. Fourth ventricle
B. Third ventricle
Which structure is of great importance because the gyrus anterior to it contains motor cells that initiate movement?
A. Hypothalamic sulcus
B. Parieto-occipital sulcus
C. Calcarine sulcus
D. Central sulcus
D. Central sulcus
Which neurotransmitter is primarily suspected to be overexpressed in patients with schizophrenia?
A. GABA
B. Dopamine
C. Serotonin
D. Epinephrine
B. Dopamine
TRUE OR FALSE: The epithalamus consists of the habenular nuclei and the
pineal gland
True
What band of gray matter connects the two thalami?
Masa intermedia
