NEUROLEC: 2nd Shifting Flashcards by Mind Med

Which tract mediates pain and temperature sensation?
A. Anterior spinothalamic tract
B. Lateral spinothalamic tract
C. Dorsal column pathway
D. Spinocerebellar tract

B. Lateral spinothalamic tract

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Cauda equina syndrome involves which of the following spinal roots?
A. C1-C6
B. C4-C6
C. L1-S5
D. L3-Coccyx

D. L3-Coccyx

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The part of the myotatic reflex that includes a muscle spindle and a dorsal root ganglion neuron is known as?

Afferent limb

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Fasciculus cuneatus is found in the following regions EXCEPT?
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral

D. Sacral

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Which tract mediates tactile discrimination, vibration, form recognition, and joint and muscle sensation?
A. Anterior spinothalamic tract
B. Lateral spinothalamic tract
C. Dorsal column pathway
D. Spinocerebellar tract

C. Dorsal column pathway

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Which among the following will result in contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation one segment below the level of the lesion?
A. Anterior spinothalamic tract lesion
B. Lateral spinothalamic tract lesion
C. Dorsal column pathway lesion
D. Spinocerebellar tract lesion

B. Lateral spinothalamic tract lesion

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Which spinal tract cross in the brainstem?
A. Reticulospinal tract
B. Rubrospinal tract
C. Olivospinal tract
D. Spinocerebellar tract

C. Olivospinal tract

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The functional component of the nerve fibers that convey motor output from ventral horn motor neurons to skeletal muscle is?
A. General somatic efferent
B. General visceral efferent
C. Special somatic efferent
D. Special visceral efferent

A. General somatic efferent

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Which of the following will result to a lower motor neuron
lesion?
A. Interruption of the final motor pathway
B. Interruption of the final sensory pathway
C. Interruption of the final common pathway
D. Interruption of the final autonomic pathway

C. Interruption of the final common pathway

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The following can be seen in lower motor neuron lesions
EXCEPT?
A. Hypotonia
B. Flaccid paralysis
C. Hyporeflexia
D. Babinski sign

D. Babinski sign

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The second order neuron for the ventral spinothalamic tract is found in the?
A. Dorsomarginal nucleus
B. Substantia gelatinosa
C. Posterior root ganglion
D. Nucleus proprius

B. Substantia gelatinosa

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Which among the following diseases of the spinal cord is due to an acute viral infection of the ventral horn?
A. Spina bifida
B. Cauda equina syndrome
C. Poliomyelitis
D. Encephalitis

C. Poliomyelitis

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Demyelination of the dorsal columns that result in loss of vibration and position sensation is a classic feature of which condition?
A. Subacute combined degeneration
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Vitamin E deficiency
D. Tabes dorsalis

A. Subacute combined degeneration

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Which is a group of large nerve cells situated anterior to the substantia gelatinosa throughout the spinal cord and comprises the main bulk of the cells in the posterior gray column?
A. Dorsomarginal nucleus
B. Substantia gelatinosa
C. Posterior root ganglion
D. Nucleus proprius

D. Nucleus proprius

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Which among the following best describes fasciculations?
A. Decrease in tone
B. Decrease in muscle proteins
C. Visible muscle twitches
D. Decrease sensitivity of muscle spindles

C. Visible muscle twitches

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The middle meningeal artery passes through which opening in the skull?
A. Foramen rotundum
B. Foramen ovale
C. Foramen spinosum
D. Foramen lacerum

C. Foramen spinosum

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Which neuroanatomical structure is the main pathway that connects the vestibular and cochlear nuclei with the nuclei controlling the extraocular muscles?
A. superior colliculus
B. medial longitudinal fasciculus
C. corticopontine fibers
D. inferior colliculus

B. medial longitudinal fasciculus

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Which of the following structures is not a part of the CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA?
A. Superior colliculus
B. Inferior colliculus
C. Facial colliculus

C. Facial colliculus

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TRUE OR FALSE: The functions of the Brainstem are to act as conduit between the spinal cord and different parts of the higher
centers in the forebrain and also contains important
nuclei of cranial nerves I through XII.

False

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What nerve passes through the ethmoid bone of the skull?
A. Olfactory nerve
B. Optic nerve
C. Oculomotor nerve
D. Trochlear nerve

A. Olfactory nerve

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The Cerebrospinal fluid filled cavity in the MIDBRAIN is called?

Cerebral aqueduct

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Which artery is involved in Lateral medullary syndrome?
A. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
B. Middle cerebral artery
C. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
D. Posterior cerebral artery

C. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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This cranial nerves is not found in the ventral surface of the brainstem

Trochlear nerve

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Medial medullary syndrome will involve the following structures EXCEPT?
A. Pyramidal tract
B. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
C. Medial lemniscus
D. hypoglossal nerve

B. Inferior cerebellar peduncle

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Which of the following structures are involved in Benedikt syndrome EXCEPT? A. Fascicles of the oculomotor nerve within the midbrain B. Red nucleus C. Crus cerebri

C. Crus cerebri

Vascular lesions of the Medulla may result from occlusion of the following arteries EXCEPT? A. Anterior spinal artery B. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery C. Vertebral artery D. Basilar artery

D. Basilar artery

The structure that passes from the superior colliculus to the lateral geniculate body and the optic tract is called?

Superior brachium

The increased amount of gray matter at the MEDULLA, at the level of the Olives is due to the following EXCEPT? A. Arcuate nuclei B. Olivary nuclear complex C. Medial longitudinal fasciculus D. Nuclei of the vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves

C. Medial longitudinal fasciculus

The following statements concerning the pons are correct EXCEPT? A. Largest part of the brainstem B. On the anterolateral surface of the pons, the trigeminal nerve emerges on each side C. The anterior surface is convex from side to side and shows many transverse fibers that converge on each side to form the middle cerebellar peduncle D. It receives its blood supply from the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

D. It receives its blood supply from the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

The following statements concerning the internal structures of midbrain are correct EXCEPT? A. The midbrain comprises two lateral halves, called the cerebral peduncles B. The central gray matter encircles the red nuclei C. The tectum is part of the midbrain posterior to the cerebral aqueduct D. The narrow cavity of the midbrain is the cerebral aqueduct

B. The central gray matter encircles the red nuclei

Climbing fibers are formed by afferents from?

Inferior olivary nucleus

Adam is a 52-year old male who came due to dizziness. It was observed that he cannot sit well and has the tendency to fall to the left. Upon ambulation, gait was noted to be wide based. A lesion in which part of the cerebellum can most likely cause the condition? A. Posterior lobes B. Nodulus C. Vermis D. Flocculus

C. Vermis

Which among the following intracerebellar nuclei is shaped like a crumpled bag with the opening facing medially? A. Emboliform nucleus B. Globose nucleus C. Fastigial nucleus D. Dentate nucleus

D. Dentate nucleus

This structure divides the cerebellar surface into two major divisions namely, anterior and posterior lobes? A. Primary fissure B. Posterolateral fissure C. Horizontal fissure

A. Primary fissure

The Inferior Cerebellar peduncle is also known as the?

Juxtarestiform body

The vermis is supplied by which artery? A. Superior cerebellar artery B. Inferior cerebellar artery C. Anterior cerebral artery D. Posterior cerebral artery

A. Superior cerebellar artery

Interposed nucleus is the collective term for the combination of these two cerebellar nuclei?

Emboliform and Globose nuclei

A patient comes to the clinic with complains of incoordination. Which of the following findings in the neurologic examination would highly suggest a cerebellar problem? A. Dysmetria B. Fasciculations C. Hypotonia

A. Dysmetria

TRUE OR FALSE: In patients with cerebellar peduncular lesions, clinical manifestations would be referable to limb ataxia with contralateral cranial nerves deficits or long tract signs.

True

TRUE OR FALSE: Due to a cerebellar hemisphere lesion, there can be uncoordinated, clumsy movements of the lower limb on physical examination

True

This is an efferent tract that passes through the superior cerebellar peduncle? A. Globose-emboliform-rubral tract B. Dentatorubrothalamic tract C. Fastigial vestibular tract D. Fastigial reticular tract

B. Dentatorubrothalamic tract

TRUE OR FALSE: The cerebellum originated embryologically from the mesencephalon

False

Which among the following structures in relation to the cerebellum contains only afferent fibers with no efferent tracts? A. Brachium conjunctivum B. Brachium pontis C. Juxtarestiform body

B. Brachium pontis

Which among the following structures provide inhibitory input to the intracerebellar nuclei? A. Mossy fibers B. Climbing fibers C. Purkinje cells

C. Purkinje cells

A 42-year old male was seen at the Emergency room because of sudden onset clumsiness of the right hand. On examination, he has difficulty doing the finger to nose test and the alternating supination-pronation test. The most likely pathology is located in which part of the cerebellum? A. Right cerebellar hemisphere B. Left cerebellar hemisphere C. Vermis

A. Right cerebellar hemisphere

Which statement concerning the superior temporal gyrus is correct? A. Site of auditory association cortex B. The primary auditory area is located in the inferior wall of the lateral sulcus C. The left superior temporal gyrus contains the Wernicke area D. Contains the primary auditory cortex (areas 41 and 42)

B. The primary auditory area is located in the inferior wall of the lateral sulcus

Which structure covers the superior surface of the corpus callosum? A. Tentorium cerebelli B. Pia mater C. Indusium D. Calcarine sulcus

C. Indusium

Which among the following is not a characteristic of Kluver-Bucy syndrome? A. Bulimia B. Hyperorality C. Visual agnosia D. Hyposexuality

D. Hyposexuality

The lateral surface of the diencephalon is bounded by which structure? A. lateral ventricle B. third ventricle C. internal capsule D. lentiform nucleus

C. internal capsule

Match the different structures of the limbic system with their corresponding functions. 1. plays a major role in both memory and spatial navigation 2. plays a crucial role in both perception of emotional cues and production of emotional responses 3. involved with the interpretation of the emotional aspect of pain 4. integrator of afferent information received from other areas of the nervous system and brings about the physical expression of emotion A. Amygdala B. Hypothalamus C. Cingulate gyrus D. Hippocampal formation

1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B

The cerebral hemispheres are derived from which post-embryonic division? A. telencephalon B. diencephalon C. mesencephalon D. metencephalon

A. telencephalon

Which structure serves to communicate the lateral ventricle with the third ventricle? A. cerebral aqueduct B. fourth ventricle C. foramen of Monro D. foramen of Magendie

C. foramen of Monro

Which among the following is not a part of the hippocampal formation? A. hippocampus B. dentate gyrus C. cingulate gyrus D. subiculum

C. cingulate gyrus

Which structure occupies the area inferior to the lateral sulcus? A. Thalamus B. Hypothalamus C. Occipital lobe D. Temporal lobe

D. Temporal lobe

TRUE OR FALSE: Loss of consciousness occurring in epilepsy maybe due to inhibition of activity of the reticular formation in the upper part of the midbrain.

False

Which of the following is the largest commissure in the brain? A. Anterior commissure B. Posterior commissure C. Corpus callosum D. Masa intermedia

C. Corpus callosum

The diffuse network of the reticular formation are divided into 3 longitudinal columns, namely?

Median, medial, and lateral columns

The thalamus is situated on each side of which structure? A. Lateral ventricle B. Third ventricle C. Cerebral aqueduct D. Fourth ventricle

B. Third ventricle

Which structure is of great importance because the gyrus anterior to it contains motor cells that initiate movement? A. Hypothalamic sulcus B. Parieto-occipital sulcus C. Calcarine sulcus D. Central sulcus

D. Central sulcus

Which neurotransmitter is primarily suspected to be overexpressed in patients with schizophrenia? A. GABA B. Dopamine C. Serotonin D. Epinephrine

B. Dopamine

TRUE OR FALSE: The epithalamus consists of the habenular nuclei and the pineal gland

True

What band of gray matter connects the two thalami?

Masa intermedia