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Physiology > Physiology_Lesson_3_-_Cardiovascular_System_Batch_2026 > Flashcards

Physiology_Lesson_3_-_Cardiovascular_System_Batch_2026 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system?

A. transports and distributes essential substances to tissues
B. removes metabolic byproducts
C. participates in homeostatic mechanisms
D. regulate blood pH

A

D. regulate blood pH

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2
Q
  1. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the blood vessels?
    A. Blood moves rapidly through the aorta and its arterial branches
    B. The aorta is a predominantly restrictive structure
    C. The peripheral arteries become less muscular until at the arterioles
    D. one of the above
A

A. Blood moves rapidly through the aorta and its arterial branches

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the relationship between velocity of blood flow and the cross-sectional area of the systemic circulation?
    A. directly proportional
    B. inversely proportional
    C. no relationship
    D. none of the above
A

b. inversely proportional

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following sections of the arterial system has the greatest resistance to blood flow?
    A. Aorta
    B. Large arteries
    C. Small arteries and arterioles
    D. None of the above
A

c. Small arteries and arterioles

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following mechanisms dampens the pulsatile pressure?
    a. elasticity of the arterial walls
    b. frictional resistance of the small arteries and arterioles
    c. both of the above
    d. none of the above
A

c. both of the above

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following statements regarding the human heart is CORRECT?
    a. blood flow is bidirectional
    b. cardiac output is continuous
    c. consists of 2 pumps in parallel
    d. systole distends the aorta
A

d. systole distends the aorta

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7
Q
  1. Which of the following statements regarding the cardiovascular circuit is CORRECT?
    A. the total volume of blood is dynamic
    B. composed of conduits arranged in series
    C. Oxygenated blood returns via the pulmonary arteries to the left atrium
    D. capillary blood flow is essentially nonpulsatile
A

D. capillary blood flow is essentially nonpulsatile

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the blood vessels of the circulatory system?
    A. maximal cross-sectional area with minimal flow rate in the capillaries
    B. frictional resistance is relatively small in the large arteries
    C. pressure drop is greatest across the terminal segment of the small arteries and the arterioles
    D. contraction of the circular muscle of these small vessels allows regulation of tissue blood flow
A

B. frictional resistance is relatively small in the large arteries

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following blood vessels are known as the “stopcocks’ of the vascular system?
    A. Aorta
    B. Vena Cava
    C. Small arteries
    D. Capillaries
A

C. Small arteries

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10
Q
  1. Which systemic vascular compartment has the GREATEST volume of blood?
    A. Small Veins
    B. Aorta
    C. small arteries
    D. Capillaries
A

A. Small Veins

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following DOES NOT describe of the difference between fast response and slow response action potential?
    A. slow-response cells lack the early repolarization phase
    B. resting membrane potential is more negative in the slow-response cells
    C. slope of the upstroke is greater in the fast-response
    D. none of the above
A

B.resting membrane potential is more negative in the slow-response cells

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following causes Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential?
    a. the influx of Na+ into the myocyte
    c. the influx of Ca+ into the myocyte
    b. the influx of K+ into the myocyte
    d. none of the above
A

a. the influx of Na+ into the myocyte

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following counterbalances influx of Ca++ during the flat portion of phase 2?
    A. influx of K+
    B. efflux of K+
    C. influx of Na+
    D. efflux of Na+
A

B. efflux of K+

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14
Q
  1. Which area of the heart do you expect a slow response action potential to occur?
    A. atrium
    B. ventricles
    C. SA/ AV nodes
    D. All of the above
A

SA/ AV nodes

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15
Q
  1. Which estimated extracellular ion concentrations is normally expected in a healthy person?
    A. Na+=145 mmol/L
    B. Ca++ =145 mmol/L
    C. K+ =145 mmol/L
    D. Cl =145 mmol/L
A

Na+=145 mmol/L

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following alterations in extracellular ion concentration is paired CORRECTLY with the changes in membrane voltage during the resting phase?
    A. hypokalemia results in hyperpolarization
    B. hyperkalemia leads to repolarization
    C. hyponatremia in depolarization
    D. hypernatremia in repolarization
A

hypokalemia results in hyperpolarization

17
Q
  1. Which of the following characteristics CORRECTLY describes a Fast-Response action potential?
    a. occurs in SA and AV node
    b. has phase 1
    c. resting potential is less negative
    d. RRP extends into phase 4
A

b. has phase 1

18
Q
  1. Which ion would determine the membrane potential change during phase 0 of a fast-response action potential?
    A. Sodium
    B. Potassium
    C. Calcium
    D. Chloride
A

A. Sodium

19
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT CORRECT of the effective refractory period?
    A. another action potential cannot be generated
    B. sodium channels are in the inactivated state
    C. prevents a sustained contraction of cardiac muscle
    D. requires a larger-than-normal depolarization of membrane voltage
A

D. requires a larger-than-normal depolarization of membrane voltage

20
Q
  1. Which phase of the action potential will have sodium channels closed?
    A. Phase 1
    B. Phase 2
    C. Phase 3
    D. Phase 4
A

D. Phase 4

21
Q
  1. During the end of which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open?
    A. atrial systole
    B. isovolumetric contraction
    C. rapid ventricular ejection
    D. diastasis
A

B. isovolumetric contraction
*Close
If its open (A. Atrial systole)

BONUS

22
Q
  1. Which phase of the cardiac cycle has the LOWEST ventricular volume?
    a. Atrial systole
    b. Rapid ventricular ejection
    c. Reduced ventricular ejection
    d. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
A

d. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

23
Q
  1. Which phase of the cardiac cycle will show the incisura of the aortic pressure?
    a. Rapid Ventricular ejection
    b. Slow ventricular filling
    c. Isovolumetric, relaxation
    d. Isovolumetric contraction
A

a. Rapid Ventricular ejection

24
Q
  1. Which phase of the cardiac cycle is the aortic pressure HIGHEST?
    a. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
    b. Reduced ventricular ejection
    c. Rapid Ventricular ejection
    d. Rapid ventricular filling
A

c. Rapid Ventricular ejection

25
Q
  1. A 72 year old hypertensive man is found to have 50% narrowing of his left renal artery. On angiography. What is the expected reduction in blood flow to the left kidney?
    a. ½
    b. ¼
    C. 1/8
    d. 1/16
A

a. ½

26
Q
  1. Which of the following is the POSSIBLE etiology for bipedal edema in a 50 year old man?
    a. increase capillary oncotic pressure
    b. decrease interstitial hydrostatic pressure
    c. increase capillary hydrostatic pressure
    d. increase interstitial oncotic pressure
A

c. increase capillary hydrostatic pressure

Physiology (20 decks)

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